How do glucocorticoids influence stress responses? Integrating permissive, suppressive, stimulatory, and preparative actions.
How do glucocorticoids influence stress responses? Integrating permissive, suppressive, stimulatory, and preparative actions.
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DOI：
10.1210/edrv.21.1.0389
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发表时间：
2000-02
影响因子：
20.3
通讯作者：
R. Sapolsky;L. Romero;A. Munck
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Sapolsky;L. Romero;A. Munck
糖皮质激素（GC）的分泌是对压力的典型内分泌反应。尽管如此，GC 在这种时候的用途仍然存在争议。一种观点可以追溯到 Hans Selye 时代，认为 GC 有助于调节正在进行或即将发生的应激反应，或者通过 GC 的基础水平允许应激反应的其他方面有效地出现，和/或通过主动刺激应激反应的 GC 的应激水平。相反，修正主义观点认为，GC 会抑制应激反应，防止其病理性过度激活。在这篇综述中，我们考虑了有关 GC 行为的最新发现，并在此基础上生成标准，以确定特定的 GC 行为是否允许、刺激或抑制持续的应激反应，或者作为一个附加类别，为后续的应激源做好准备。我们将这些 GC 作用应用于心血管功能、体液量和出血、免疫和炎症、新陈代谢、神经生物学和生殖生理学领域。我们发现，GC 作用分为明显不同的类别，具体取决于所讨论的生理终点，有证据表明在某些情况下具有中介作用，而在其他情况下则具有抑制性或准备性作用。然后，我们尝试将这些异质 GC 行为同化为一个生理整体。
The secretion of glucocorticoids (GCs) is a classic endocrine response to stress. Despite that, it remains controversial as to what purpose GCs serve at such times. One view, stretching back to the time of Hans Selye, posits that GCs help mediate the ongoing or pending stress response, either via basal levels of GCs permitting other facets of the stress response to emerge efficaciously, and/or by stress levels of GCs actively stimulating the stress response. In contrast, a revisionist viewpoint posits that GCs suppress the stress response, preventing it from being pathologically overactivated. In this review, we consider recent findings regarding GC action and, based on them, generate criteria for determining whether a particular GC action permits, stimulates, or suppresses an ongoing stress-response or, as an additional category, is preparative for a subsequent stressor. We apply these GC actions to the realms of cardiovascular function, fluid volume and hemorrhage, immunity and inflammation, metabolism, neurobiology, and reproductive physiology. We find that GC actions fall into markedly different categories, depending on the physiological endpoint in question, with evidence for mediating effects in some cases, and suppressive or preparative in others. We then attempt to assimilate these heterogeneous GC actions into a physiological whole.