One Hundred Years of Sound Change in Philadelphia: Linear Incrementation, Reversal, and Reanalysis
One Hundred Years of Sound Change in Philadelphia: Linear Incrementation, Reversal, and Reanalysis
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费城一百年的声音变化：线性增量、反转和重新分析
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发表时间：
2013
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通讯作者：
Josef Fruehwald
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作者：
W. Labov;Ingrid Rosenfelder;Josef Fruehwald
在费城进行中的声音变化的研究已经促进了应用程序的强制对齐和自动元音测量到一个大型语料库的邻里研究，包括379扬声器的出生日期从1888年到1991年。20世纪70年代活跃的两种声音变化显示出在随后的几十年中线性增长的模式。后上滑元音/aw/和/ow/的前置显示了变化方向的逆转，从1940年以后出生的人开始。研究还发现，受高等教育的人普遍退出了当地语音学的两个显著特征，即时态/æh/和/oh/。受过高等教育的年轻人也重新组织了传统的费城紧张/松弛分裂短a，形成了一个鼻系统，在所有之前都是紧张的，只有鼻辅音。费城元音系统的发展可以在邻近方言的地理背景下理解。与北部和北部米德兰方言共同的特征在使用中加速了，而与南部米德兰和南部方言共同的特征已经被逆转，有利于北方模式。语言系统的微观进化在这里可以被看作是受语音概括的影响，但受社会评价的驱动，因为语言社区成员的特征显着程度上升。
The study of sound change in progress in Philadelphia has been facilitated by the application of forced alignment and automatic vowel measurement to a large corpus of neighborhood studies, including 379 speakers with dates of birth from 1888 to 1991. Two of the sound changes active in the 1970s show a linear pattern of incrementation in succeeding decades. The fronting of back upgliding vowels /aw/ and /ow/ shows a reversal in the direction of change, beginning with those born after 1940. The study also finds a general withdrawal from two salient features of local phonology, tense /æh/ and /oh/, led by those with higher education. Younger speakers with higher education have also reorganized the traditional Philadelphia tense/lax split of short-a to form a nasal system with tensing before all and only nasal consonants. The development of the Philadelphia vowel system can be understood in the geographic context of neighboring dialects. Features in common with North and North Midland dialects have accelerated in use while features in common with South Midland and Southern dialects have been reversed in favor of Northern patterns. The microevolution of a linguistic system can be seen here as subject to phonological generalizations but driven by social evaluation as features rise in level of salience for members of the speech community.