Guidance on the assessment of exposure of operators, workers, residents and bystanders in risk assessment for plant protection products
Guidance on the assessment of exposure of operators, workers, residents and bystanders in risk assessment for plant protection products
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DOI：
10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3874
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发表时间：
2014-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
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中科院分区：
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法规（EC） No 1107/2009确保在符合良好植物保护规范并考虑到实际使用条件的情况下，植物保护产品（PPPs）的残留物不会对人类健康产生任何有害影响。2010年，欧洲食品安全局植物保护产品及其残留小组（PPR）编写了一份关于“为工人、操作人员、居民和旁观者准备农药暴露评估指导文件”的科学意见，其中强调了监管当局采用的方法之间的一些不一致之处。因此，小PPR小组建议对这些正在使用的做法进行一些改变(例如，对个别PPPs的常规风险评估应继续使用确定性方法，分层暴露评估方法仍然适用；有必要对PPPs具有急性毒性的操作人员、工人和旁观者进行急性风险评估；对于急性风险评估，暴露估计通常应基于相关数据集的第95个百分位数，而对于长期风险评估，起点应是第75个百分位数)。为了准备一份指导文件，成立了一个特别工作组来修订所有可用的数据和程序，以对操作人员、工人、居民和旁观者进行风险评估。除了PPR意见中报告的数据外，还向工作组提供了进一步的数据，并对其进行了分析和审议。该意见还确定了暴露估计最不令人满意的情景，并提出了进一步研究的建议，以减少目前的不确定性。本指南文件附有反映指南内容的暴露计算电子表格，以支持利益相关者进行暴露和风险评估。(C)欧洲食品安全局，2014
Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 ensures that the residues of plant protection products (PPPs), consequent to application consistent with good plant protection practice and having regard to realistic conditions of use, shall not have any harmful effects on human health. In 2010, the EFSA Panel on Plant Protection Products and their Residues (PPR) prepared a Scientific Opinion on "Preparation of a Guidance Document on Pesticide Exposure Assessment for Workers, Operators, Residents and Bystanders", which highlighted some inconsistencies between the approaches adopted by regulatory authorities. Therefore, the PPR Panel proposed a number of changes to those practices in use (e.g. routine risk assessment for individual PPPs should continue to use deterministic methods, and a tiered approach to exposure assessment remains appropriate; there is a need to introduce an acute risk assessment for operators, workers and bystanders where PPPs are acutely toxic; for acute risk assessments, exposure estimates should normally be based on 95th percentiles of relevant datasets, whereas, for longer term risk assessments, the starting point should be a 75th percentile). To prepare a Guidance Document, an ad hoc working group was established to revise all available data and procedures to perform the operator, worker, resident and bystander risk assessment. In addition to the data reported in the PPR opinion, further data were made available to the working group which were analysed and considered. The opinion also identifies those scenarios for which exposure estimates are least satisfactory, and makes recommendations for further research that would reduce current uncertainties. An exposure calculation spreadsheet, reflecting the Guidance content, is annexed to this Guidance Document, to support stakeholders in performing the assessment of exposure and risk. (C) European Food Safety Authority, 2014