Chemical and physical transformations of carbon-based nanomaterials observed by liquid phase transmission electron microscopy
Chemical and physical transformations of carbon-based nanomaterials observed by liquid phase transmission electron microscopy
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DOI：
10.1557/mrs.2020.224
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发表时间：
2020-09
期刊：
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
L. Parent;Maria A. Vratsanos;Biao Jin;J. Yoreo;N. Gianneschi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. Parent;Maria A. Vratsanos;Biao Jin;J. Yoreo;N. Gianneschi
本文介绍了液相透射电子显微镜（ltem）用于研究不依赖于电子束的碳基材料的纳米级合成过程的最新进展，这些过程是由非放射性化学或热反应驱动的。我们特别关注有机单体/聚合物、肽/DNA和生物矿物组成的纳米结构的化学/物理形成和组装。碳基纳米材料的合成通常只发生在特定的条件下，这是水溶液辐射分解无法模拟的。碳基结构本身对辐照光束的破坏效应也非常敏感，这使得使用LPTEM研究它们的合成成为一项独特的挑战，当光束效应可以量化和减轻时，这是可能的。随着新的直接传感、高帧率相机和液体电池支架设计的进步，再加上对辐射效应和适当的实验控制的日益了解，显微镜学家已经能够在观察传统上有问题的碳基材料方面取得进展，在这些条件下，合成可以被控制，成像不受光束效应的影响，或者束效应被量化和解释。讨论了这些材料体系和LPTEM实验技术，重点讨论了与材料合成相关的非放射性化学和物理转化。
This article addresses recent advances in liquid phase transmission electron microscopy (LPTEM) for studying nanoscale synthetic processes of carbon-based materials that are independent of the electron beam—those driven by nonradiolytic chemical or thermal reactions. In particular, we focus on chemical/physical formations and the assembly of nanostructures composed of organic monomers/polymers, peptides/DNA, and biominerals. The synthesis of carbon-based nanomaterials generally only occurs at specific conditions, which cannot be mimicked by aqueous solution radiolysis. Carbon-based structures themselves are also acutely sensitive to the damaging effects of the irradiating beam, which make studying their synthesis using LPTEM a unique challenge that is possible when beam effects can be quantified and mitigated. With new direct sensing, high frame-rate cameras, and advances in liquid cell holder designs, combined with a growing understanding of irradiation effects and proper experimental controls, microscopists have been able to make strides in observing traditionally problematic carbon-based materials under conditions where synthesis can be controlled, and imaged free from beam effects, or with beam effects quantified and accounted for. These materials systems and LPTEM experimental techniques are discussed, focusing on nonradiolytic chemical and physical transformations relevant to materials synthesis.