Musculoskeletal disorders in labor-intensive agriculture
Musculoskeletal disorders in labor-intensive agriculture
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DOI：
10.1016/j.apergo.2010.03.003
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发表时间：
2010-10-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Fathallah, Fadi A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fathallah, Fadi A.
本文概述了农业中肌肉骨骼疾病（MSDs）的程度，以及人类工程学如何用于减少劳动密集型农业对健康的影响的历史观点。本文总结了各类作物接触默沙东的物理风险因素，沿着了减少农业中默沙东的各种行政和工程控制措施。这些控制措施包括有计划的休息时间和机械化或部分机械化作业。以工人为基础的方法，如俯卧推车和平台，以及负载转移装置，在打击农业中普遍存在的弯腰工作方面有希望。将工人作为制定和实施干预措施的所有方面的一个不可或缺的贡献者，并考虑工作环境的心理社会和社会文化方面，是减少医疗服务缺陷的有效干预措施的关键要素。尽管新技术在农业实践中取得了进展，但对劳动力的依赖，特别是在新鲜水果和蔬菜市场上，至少在可预见的未来，将永远是农业的主要基石。令人鼓舞的是，世界各地的健康和安全专业人员、流行病学家、工程师、社会科学家和人体工程学家对减少农业工人中的MSD和其他健康问题的关注日益增加。(C)2010爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
This paper gives an overview of the extent of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in agriculture, and a historical perspective on how ergonomics has been used to reduce the health effects of labor-intensive agriculture. A summary of exposure to MSD physical risk factors within various classes of crops, along with various administrative and engineering controls for abating MSDs in agriculture is given. These controls range from programmed rest breaks to mechanized or partially-mechanized operations. Worker-based approaches such as prone carts and platforms, and load transfer devices hold promise in combating the prevalent stooped work in agriculture. Including the worker as an integral contributor to all aspects of developing and implementing an intervention, and considering the psychosocial and sociocultural aspects of the work environment are crucial elements of effective interventions for reducing MSDs. Despite the advent progress in new technologies in agricultural practices, reliance on labor, especially in fresh market fruits and vegetables, will always be a major cornerstone of agriculture for at least the foreseen future. It is encouraging to see the increased interest among health and safety professionals, epidemiologists, engineers, social scientists, and ergonomists throughout the world who are committed to the plight of reducing MSDs and other health problems among agricultural workers. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.