Predicting political elections from rapid and unreflective face judgments
Predicting political elections from rapid and unreflective face judgments
复制标题
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0705435104
复制
发表时间：
2007-11-13
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Todorov, Alexander
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ballew, Charles C., II;Todorov, Alexander
在这里，我们表明，仅仅基于候选人的面部表情对能力的快速判断可以预测州长选举的结果，州长选举是美国仅次于总统选举的最重要的选举。在所有的实验中，参与者都看到了获胜者和亚军的面孔，并被要求判断谁更有能力。为了确保能力判断完全基于面部外观而不是先前的个人知识，在所有分析中都排除了参与者识别任何面孔的种族判断。在对获胜者和亚军的面孔进行100毫秒的曝光后，预测的准确性与在250毫秒和无限时间的曝光后一样（实验1）。要求参与者深思熟虑并做出正确的判断大大增加了反应时间，并降低了判断的预测准确性，无论是在250毫秒的面孔暴露后做出的判断，还是在2秒的反应期限内做出的判断（实验2）。最后，2006年选举前收集的能力判断预测了68.6%的州长竞选和72.4%的参议院竞选（实验3）。这些影响与候选人的在职地位无关。研究结果表明，对面孔能力的快速、不经思考的判断会影响投票决定。
Here we show that rapid judgments of competence based solely on the facial appearance of candidates predicted the outcomes of gubernatorial elections, the most important elections in the United States next to the presidential elections. In all experiments, participants were presented with the faces of the winner and the runner-up and asked to decide who is more competent. To ensure that competence judgments were based solely on facial appearance and not on prior person knowledge, judgments for races in which the participant recognized any of the faces were excluded from all analyses. Predictions were as accurate after a 100-ms exposure to the faces of the winner and the runner-up as exposure after 250 ms and unlimited time exposure (Experiment 1). Asking participants to deliberate and make a good judgment dramatically increased the response times and reduced the predictive accuracy of judgments relative to both judgments made after 250 ms of exposure to the faces and judgments made within a response deadline of 2 s (Experiment 2). Finally, competence judgments collected before the elections in 2006 predicted 68.6% of the gubernatorial races and 72.4% of the Senate races (Experiment 3). These effects were independent of the incumbency status of the candidates. The findings suggest that rapid, unreflective judgments of competence from faces can affect voting decisions.