Sex steroid receptor evolution and signalling in aquatic invertebrates
Sex steroid receptor evolution and signalling in aquatic invertebrates
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DOI：
10.1007/s10646-006-0111-3
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发表时间：
2007-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Schoenfelder, Gilbert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Koehler, Heinz-R.;Kloas, Werner;Schoenfelder, Gilbert
在脊椎动物生殖内分泌学中，性类固醇通过与受体结合而发挥重要作用。然而，无脊椎动物性类固醇的来源和相关性的信息是有限的。本文综述了水生无脊椎动物类固醇受体的研究现状，并报道了一些新的发现。已经表明，后口门分支的无脊椎动物，如Acrania和Echinodermata，对雌激素和雄激素有反应，并且至少在Branchiostoma中，雌激素受体已经被克隆。在原口类中，大多数发现与水生软体动物有关。性类固醇受体样蛋白在腹足类、双壳类和头足类中含量丰富，并且性激素信号传导也与后口类有部分相似性。然而，在蜕皮动物中，性类固醇的影响仍然是一个有争议的问题，即使有证据表明在甲壳纲动物中存在雌激素受体样蛋白，以及在线虫和甲壳纲动物中雌激素的生理作用。最近的研究结果表明，在钩虾（甲壳纲）的雌激素受体α样蛋白的生理作用不清楚的存在。结合研究显示，甲壳类Hyalella Azteca具有特异性结合位点，只为雄激素，但不为雌激素，这表明可能限制在这个物种中的功能性雄激素受体。关于无脊椎动物性类固醇受体的争论还需要进一步的研究来阐明。
In vertebrate reproductive endocrinology sex steroids play a pivotal role via binding to receptors. However, information on the origin and relevance of sex steroids in invertebrates is limited. This review highlights current literature on steroid receptors in aquatic invertebrates and reports on some new findings. It has been shown that invertebrates of the deuterostome clade, such as Acrania and Echinodermata, respond to estrogens and androgens and, at least in Branchiostoma, an estrogen receptor has been cloned. Within the protostomes, most findings are related to aquatic molluscs. Sex steroid receptor-like proteins are abundant in gastropods, bivalves and cephalopods and also sex hormone signalling shows partial similarity to the deuterostomes. In ecdysozoans, however, the impact of sex steroids is still a matter of debate even though there is evidence on the presence of estrogen receptor-like proteins in Crustacea and on physiological effects of estrogens in both Nematoda and Crustacea. Recent findings suggest the presence of an estrogen receptor alpha-like protein of unclear physiological role in Gammarus fossarum (Crustacea). Binding studies revealed the crustacean Hyalella azteca to possess specific binding sites only for androgens but not for estrogens suggesting a possible limitation to functional androgen receptors in this species. Further studies have to be conducted to shed more light into the discussion about the controversy about sex steroid receptors in invertebrates.