Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Facemasks: Potential Source of Human Exposure to PFAS with Implications for Disposal to Landfills.
Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Facemasks: Potential Source of Human Exposure to PFAS with Implications for Disposal to Landfills.
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.estlett.2c00019
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发表时间：
2022-03
影响因子：
10.9
通讯作者：
Derek J Muensterman;Liliana Cahuas;Ivan A. Titaley;Christopher Schmokel;Florentino B. De la Cruz;M. Barlaz;Courtney C. Carignan;G. Peaslee;J. Field
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作者：
Derek J Muensterman;Liliana Cahuas;Ivan A. Titaley;Christopher Schmokel;Florentino B. De la Cruz;M. Barlaz;Courtney C. Carignan;G. Peaslee;J. Field
口罩是对抗疾病传播的重要工具，包括Covid-19及其变种，有些可能用全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）处理。对9种不同价格的口罩进行了总氟和全氟磺酸分析。然后使用口罩的PFAS成分来估计暴露量和排放到垃圾渗滤液中的PFAS质量。来自PFAS的氟仅占总氟的一小部分。直链全氟烷基羧酸酯和6：2氟调聚物醇的Homestone系列表明氟调聚物来源。据估计，吸入是主要的接触途径（40%-50%），其次是偶然摄入（15%-40%）和皮肤接触（11%-20%）。儿童的接触和风险估计值高于成人，高体力活动大大增加了吸入接触。这些初步研究结果表明，长时间佩戴经高水平PFAS处理的口罩可能是一个值得注意的暴露源，并有可能构成健康风险。尽管模拟每年处理约290 - 910亿个口罩，并且假设100%的PFAS浸出到垃圾渗滤液中，但口罩处理仅占年度PFAS质量负荷的6%，排放到美国废水中的PFAS不到11 kg。
Facemasks are important tools for fighting against disease spread, including Covid-19 and its variants, and some may be treated with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Nine facemasks over a range of prices were analyzed for total fluorine and PFAS. The PFAS compositions of the masks were then used to estimate exposure and the mass of PFAS discharged to landfill leachate. Fluorine from PFAS accounted only for a small fraction of total fluorine. Homologous series of linear perfluoroalkyl carboxylates and the 6:2 fluorotelomer alcohol indicated a fluorotelomer origin. Inhalation was estimated to be the dominant exposure route (40%-50%), followed by incidental ingestion (15%-40%) and dermal (11%-20%). Exposure and risk estimates were higher for children than adults, and high physical activity substantially increased inhalation exposure. These preliminary findings indicate that wearing masks treated with high levels of PFAS for extended periods of time can be a notable source of exposure and have the potential to pose a health risk. Despite modeled annual disposal of ~29-91 billion masks, and an assuming 100% leaching of individual PFAS into landfill leachate, mask disposal would contribute only an additional 6% of annual PFAS mass loads and less than 11 kg of PFAS discharged to U.S. wastewater.