Acoustic cues of ‘‘retroflex’’ and ‘‘bunched’’ American English rhotic sound
Acoustic cues of ‘‘retroflex’’ and ‘‘bunched’’ American English rhotic sound
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美式英语“卷舌音”和“束状”发音的声学线索
DOI：
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发表时间：
2007
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Boyce
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作者：
Xinhui Zhou;C. Espy;M. Tiede;S. Boyce
北美的rhotic liquid有两种众所周知的最大不同的发音变体，经典的卷舌姿势和经典的束舌姿势。他们之间的声学差异的证据是使用来自两个相似大小的受试者的声道的磁共振图像进行重新检查的，这些受试者具有不同的持续/r/的舌头姿势。进行三维有限元分析以研究声道内的声波传播特性、声学响应以及基于压力等值面的面积函数提取。灵敏度函数研究共振峰腔的联系。结果表明，这两种变体具有相似的F1-F3模式和零频率。然而，卷舌音变体被预测在F4和F5之间具有比成束变体更大的差异（1400 Hz对700 Hz）。这种差异可以用它们之间的几何差异来解释，特别是，更短，更窄，更向前的腭。
The North American rhotic liquid has two well‐known and maximally distinct articulatory variants, the classic retroflex tongue posture and the classic bunched tongue posture. The evidence for acoustic difference between them is reexamined using magnetic resonance images of the vocal tracts from two similar‐sized subjects with different tongue postures of sustained /r/. Three‐dimensional finite element analysis is performed to investigate the acoustic wave propagation property inside the vocal tract, the acoustic response, and the area function extraction based on pressure isosurfaces. Sensitivity functions are studied for formant‐cavity affiliation. It is revealed that these two variants have similar patterns of F1–F3 and zero frequency. However, the retroflex variant is predicted to have a larger difference between F4 and F5 than the bunched one (1400 Hz versus 700 Hz). This difference can be explained by the geometric differences between them, in particular, the shorter, narrower, and more forward palat...