On Harnessing the Electroencephalogram for the Musical Braincap
On Harnessing the Electroencephalogram for the Musical Braincap
复制标题
利用脑电图开发音乐脑帽
作者：
E. Miranda;Ken Sharman;K. Kilborn;A. Duncan
在亚瑟C.克拉克的科幻经典，是最终的人机界面：它连接大脑到一个系统，能够读取思想和上传新信息。佩戴者可以在几分钟内获得新的技能，否则需要几年的时间才能掌握。然而，目前，一个将信息上传到大脑的系统不可能存在于科幻小说的领域之外，尽管可以读取大脑信号的机器正在成为当今的现实。此外，我们很快就能仅通过我们的思想控制各种设备。1998年，在第9届欧洲临床神经生理学大会上发表的一篇论文已经报道了基于脑电图的系统控制假手的研究取得了令人印象深刻的进展（Guger和Pfurtscheller 1998）。最近，布朗大学的科学家报告了一种脑机接口的开发，该接口用于一种系统，通过该系统，猴子控制计算机屏幕上的光标（Turner 2002）。起初，猴子用操纵杆移动光标。过了一会儿，操纵杆断开了，猴子没有意识到这一点，继续通过植入猴子运动皮层（运动控制的主要大脑区域）的电极发出的微小电信号移动光标。我们对开发思想控制的音乐设备很感兴趣，为此，我们目前正在设计一个音乐脑帽。我们正在开发技术，使大脑与音乐系统和适合思想控制的作曲技术相结合。这篇文章的重点是从脑电图（EEG）中提取和利用微小的脑电信号，这些脑电信号可以用头皮上的电极捕获。我们提出了三个实验，其结果提供的基础上，建立系统，自动检测与音乐心理活动相关的脑电波中的信息。然后，我们描述了这些结果目前是如何被嵌入到音乐大脑的设计。在我们展示实验之前，我们简要介绍了脑机接口（BCI）的发展领域，然后介绍了脑电图和我们用来利用它的信号处理技术。在我们继续之前，有必要澄清“思想控制”这个表达的含义。In Eduardo Reck米兰达，* Ken Sharman，<$Kerry Kilborn，Mr. J.和亚历山大邓肯§ *Computer Music Research-Neuroscience of Music Group，School of Computing，Communications，and Electronics，University of Plymouth，Drake Circus，Plymouth，德文郡PL 4 8AA，联合王国eduardo.米兰达† Instituto Tecnologico de Informatica Universidad Politecnica de瓦伦西亚，Camino de Vera s/n，46071瓦伦西亚，西班牙ken@iti.upv.es格拉斯哥大学心理学系，58希尔黑德Street，Glasgow G12 8 QB，United Kingdom k. psy.gla.ac.uk § The Sun Centre Prades，48160 St. Martin de Bauxaux，法国alex@thesuncentre.net关于利用音乐脑电的研究plymouth.ac.uk
The braincap, as described in 3001: The Final Odyssey, the concluding edition of Arthur C. Clarke’s science fiction classic, is the ultimate humancomputer interface: it connects the brain to a system that is able to read thoughts and upload new information. The wearer can in minutes acquire new skills that would otherwise take years to master. Currently, however, a system that uploads information into the brain cannot exist outside the realm of science fiction, although machines that can read signals from the brain are becoming present-day reality. Furthermore, we should soon be able to control all sorts of devices by our thoughts alone. In 1998, a paper presented at the 9th European Congress of Clinical Neurophysiology already reported impressive advances in research on an electroencephalogram-based system to control a prosthetic hand (Guger and Pfurtscheller 1998). More recently, scientists at Brown University reported the development of a brain-computer interface for a system whereby a monkey controlled a cursor on a computer screen (Turner 2002). At first, the monkey used a joystick to move the cursor. After a while, the joystick was disconnected, and the monkey, who had not realized this, continued moving the cursor by means of tiny electrical signals emanating from an electrode implanted on the monkey’s motor cortex (the main brain area for motor control). We are interested in developing thoughtcontrolled musical devices, and to this end we are currently working on the design of a musical braincap. We are developing technology to interface the brain with music systems and compositional techniques suitable for thought control. This article focuses on extracting and harnessing tiny electrical brain signals from electroencephalograms (EEGs) that can be captured with electrodes on the scalp. We present three experiments whose results provide the basis for building systems to automatically detect information in the electroencephalogram associated with musical mental activities. Then, we describe how these results are currently being embedded in the design of the musical braincap. Before we present the experiments, we briefly introduce the growing field of BrainComputer Interfaces (BCI), followed by an introduction to the EEG and the signal processing techniques we employed to harness it. Before we continue, it is necessary to clarify the meaning of the expression ‘‘thought control.’’ In Eduardo Reck Miranda,* Ken Sharman,† Kerry Kilborn,‡ and Alexander Duncan§ *Computer Music Research—Neuroscience of Music Group, School of Computing, Communications, and Electronics, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, United Kingdom eduardo.miranda@plymouth.ac.uk † Instituto Tecnologico de Informatica Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46071 Valencia, Spain ken@iti.upv.es ‡ Department of Psychology University of Glasgow, 58 Hillhead Street, Glasgow G12 8QB, United Kingdom k.kilborn@psy.gla.ac.uk § The Sun Centre Prades, 48160 St. Martin de Boubaux, France alex@thesuncentre.net On Harnessing the Electroencephalogram for the Musical Braincap