Toward a global geroethics - gerontology and the theory of the good human life
Toward a global geroethics - gerontology and the theory of the good human life
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DOI：
10.1111/bioe.12445
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发表时间：
2018-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Venkatapuram, Sridhar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ehni, Hans-Joerg;Kadi, Selma;Venkatapuram, Sridhar
老年学家提出了不同的衰老概念，如“成功老龄化”、“积极老龄化”和“健康老龄化”。这些概念主要侧重于保持健康和预防疾病。但他们也提出了一些问题：什么是美好的老年生活，如何才能实现？这些老龄问题的概念和战略虽然源于医学，但也包含了对个人和社会如何就老龄和老年问题采取行动的道德建议。老年学和伦理学之间的这种联系被两种思想流派所忽视。因此，我们分四个步骤为系统的老年伦理学制定了这项研究计划。首先，我们分析了Rowe和Kahn提出的“成功老龄化”作为老年学概念的范例。然后，在第二步中，我们从老年学的批评转向伦理学的观点；特别地，我们要澄清关于美好生活概念的普遍有效性的主张的问题。在第三个建设性的步骤中，我们解释了“能力方法”如何在这种背景下应用，作为老年学概念中隐含的规范假设的规范基础，例如特定的功能选择，人类能动性的伦理相关性，以及由此产生的个人对社会的主张。最后，利用德国哲学家乌苏拉·沃尔夫（Ursula Wolf）提出的一个概念，我们系统地发展了健康老龄化与美好生活理论之间联系的不同方面，并展示了它们之间的相互联系。
Gerontologists have proposed different concepts for ageing well such as successful ageing', active ageing', and healthy ageing'. These conceptions are primarily focused on maintaining health and preventing disease. But they also raise the questions: what is a good life in old age and how can it be achieved? While medical in origin, these concepts and strategies for ageing well also contain ethical advice for individuals and societies on how to act regarding ageing and old age. This connection between gerontology and ethics is overlooked by both schools of thought. We thus develop this research programme for a systematic geroethics in four steps. First, we analyze successful ageing' as put forward by Rowe and Kahn as a paradigmatic example of a gerontological conception of ageing well. Then, in a second step, we move from criticisms within gerontology to an ethical perspective; in particular, we want to clarify the problem of the claim of universal validity of conceptions of the good life. In a third constructive step, we explain how the capabilities approach' could be applied in this context as a normative foundation for the implicit normative assumptions of gerontological conceptions of ageing well, such as a particular choice of functionings, the ethical relevance of human agency, and the resulting claims of individuals towards society. Finally, using a concept developed by the German philosopher Ursula Wolf, we systematically develop the different aspects of the connection between ageing well and the theory of the good life in their full complexity and show their interconnectedness.