Looking back to look ahead: a vision for soil denitrification research
Looking back to look ahead: a vision for soil denitrification research
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DOI：
10.1002/ecy.2917
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发表时间：
2019-12-20
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Yang, Wendy H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Almaraz, Maya;Wong, Michelle Y.;Yang, Wendy H.
反硝化在调节生态系统养分可用性和人为活性氮（N）产生方面发挥着关键作用。它的重要性激发了越来越多的研究，但它仍然是陆地生态系统氮预算中约束最差的术语。我们对经过同行评审的土壤反硝化文献（1975-2015）进行了普查，以确定未来研究的机会，以增进我们的理解，尽管研究该过程存在固有的挑战。我们发现，只有三分之一的研究报告了一氧化二氮 (N2O) 和二氮 (N-2) 生产通量（通常是反硝化的主要最终产物）的估计值，而大多数研究仅报告了净 N2O 通量或反硝化潜力。在测量 N-2 完全反硝化的 236 项研究中，49% 使用乙炔抑制方法，84% 在实验室进行，81% 在表层土壤（0-20 厘米深度）进行，75% 位于北美和欧洲，78% 进行处理操作，主要是氮、碳或水。为了增进对土壤反硝化的理解，我们建议扩大对测量土壤 N-2 生产率的新方法的技术使用范围，在热带地区和底土上进行更多研究，在未处理的土壤上进行标准化实验，并使用更精确的术语来指代测量的过程速率（例如净 N2O 通量或反硝化潜力）。为了克服土壤反硝化研究中的更大挑战，我们设想基于所有土壤反硝化研究的元数据标准报告、为全球反硝化研究网络做出贡献的研究标准协议以及全球反硝化研究人员联盟，协调研究工作，以促进思想、资源的共享，并为该领域的新研究人员提供指导。
Denitrification plays a critical role in regulating ecosystem nutrient availability and anthropogenic reactive nitrogen (N) production. Its importance has inspired an increasing number of studies, yet it remains the most poorly constrained term in terrestrial ecosystem N budgets. We censused the peer-reviewed soil denitrification literature (1975-2015) to identify opportunities for future studies to advance our understanding despite the inherent challenges in studying the process. We found that only one-third of studies reported estimates of both nitrous oxide (N2O) and dinitrogen (N-2) production fluxes, often the dominant end products of denitrification, while the majority of studies reported only net N2O fluxes or denitrification potential. Of the 236 studies that measured complete denitrification to N-2, 49% used the acetylene inhibition method, 84% were conducted in the laboratory, 81% were performed on surface soils (0-20 cm depth), 75% were located in North America and Europe, and 78% performed treatment manipulations, mostly of N, carbon, or water. To improve understanding of soil denitrification, we recommend broadening access to technologies for new methodologies to measure soil N-2 production rates, conducting more studies in the tropics and on subsoils, performing standardized experiments on unmanipulated soils, and using more precise terminology to refer to measured process rates (e.g., net N2O flux or denitrification potential). To overcome the greater challenges in studying soil denitrification, we envision coordinated research efforts based on standard reporting of metadata for all soil denitrification studies, standard protocols for studies contributing to a Global Denitrification Research Network, and a global consortium of denitrification researchers to facilitate sharing ideas, resources, and to provide mentorship for researchers new to the field.