Astrophysical and Cosmological Searches for Lorentz Invariance Violation
Astrophysical and Cosmological Searches for Lorentz Invariance Violation
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洛伦兹不变性破坏的天体物理和宇宙学搜索
DOI：
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发表时间：
2023
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通讯作者：
S. Desai
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文献类型：
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作者：
S. Desai
洛伦兹不变性是狭义相对论的基本原则之一，并已被实验室和天体物理观测广泛验证。然而，许多超越粒子物理标准模型的量子引力模型和理论预测在接近普朗克尺度的能量下违反洛伦兹不变性。本文综述了光子、中微子和引力波对洛伦兹不变性破坏的观测和实验检验。大多数使用光子的LIV天体物理测试都是基于寻找光谱滞后数据与红移和能量的相关性。这些主要是使用致密物体，如恒星，活动星系核（AGN）和伽马射线爆发（GRB）进行的。也有一些声称，LIV从这些光谱滞后观测与伽玛暴，然而，这是在冲突的最严格的限制从其他LIV搜索。还利用伽玛暴和活动星系核的偏振测量进行了研究。对于中微子，已经使用MeV能量的天体物理观测（来自SN 1987 A）以及基于IceCube观测的TeV-PeV能量范围，大气中微子和长基线中微子振荡实验进行了测试。LIV的宇宙学测试需要使用多个观测探针来寻找光速作为红移的函数的恒定性，以及在宇宙微波背景观测中寻找双折射。本文将回顾所有这些LIV的观察性测试，包括相互矛盾的结果。
Lorentz invariance is one of the fundamental tenets of Special Relativity, and has been extensively tested with laboratory and astrophysical observations. However, many quantum gravity models and theories beyond the Standard Model of Particle Physics predict a violation of Lorentz invariance at energies close to the Planck scale. This article reviews observational and experimental tests of Lorentz invariance violation (LIV) with photons, neutrinos and gravitational waves. Most astrophysical tests of LIV using photons are based on searching for a correlation of the spectral lag data with redshift and energy. These have been primarily carried out using compact objects such as pulsars, Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN), and Gamma-ray bursts (GRB). There have also been some claims for LIV from some of these spectral lag observations with GRBs, which however are in conflict with the most stringent limits obtained from other LIV searches. Searches have also been carried out using polarization measurements from GRBs and AGNs. For neutrinos, tests have been made using both astrophysical observations at MeV energies (from SN 1987A) as well as in the TeV-PeV energy range based on IceCube observations, atmospheric neutrinos, and long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments. Cosmological tests of LIV entail looking for a constancy of the speed of light as a function of redshift using multiple observational probes, as well as looking for birefringence in Cosmic Microwave Background observations. This article will review all of these aforementioned observational tests of LIV, including results which are in conflict with each other.