XENOPUS-LAEVIS AS A MODEL ORGANISM
XENOPUS-LAEVIS AS A MODEL ORGANISM
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DOI：
10.2307/2992485
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发表时间：
1993-12-01
影响因子：
6.5
通讯作者：
DESA, RO
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
CANNATELLA, DC;DESA, RO
模式生物通常被认为是代表一些更具包容性的分类单元的一部分。这一假设导致了对所收集数据的进化和比较意义的错误概括。本文综述了非洲爪蟾及其近缘种的比较和进化研究。DNA序列和形态学数据的系统发育分析表明，爪蟾是单系的，志留纪是它的姐妹群。在冈瓦纳古陆解体之前，皮皮科最基本的谱系已经分化。非洲爪蟾奇异的形态部分是由于变态模式的变化。非洲爪蟾的物种形成在无尾类中是独特的，因为异源多倍性与不同水平的多倍性有关。几种分子研究表明爪蟾属和志留纪之间存在实质性差异。爪蟾模型研究的数据的贡献将大大提高，如果可比的数据是从一个更基础的地方血统，如铃蟾。
Model organisms are often assumed to be representative of some more inclusive taxon of which the species is a part. This assumption leads to mistaken generalizations about the evolutionary and comparative significance of the data gathered. This paper reviews comparative and evolutionary studies of Xenopus laevis and its relatives. Phylogenetic analysis of data from DNA sequences and morphology indicate that Xenopus is monophyletic and that Silurana is its sister group. The most basal lineages of Pipidae diverged prior to the breakup of Gondwana. The bizarre morphology of Xenopus is in part due to changes in the mode of metamorphosis. Speciation in Xenopus is unique among Anura in being associated with various levels of polyploidy owing to allopolyploidy. Several kinds of molecular studies indicate substantial divergence between Xenopus and Silurana. The contribution of data from model studies of Xenopus would be greatly enhanced if comparable data were available from a more basally placed lineage such as Bombina.