The STEP model: Characterizing simultaneous time effects on practice for flight simulator performance among middle-aged and older pilots.
The STEP model: Characterizing simultaneous time effects on practice for flight simulator performance among middle-aged and older pilots.
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STEP 模型：表征同时时间对中年和老年飞行员飞行模拟器性能练习的影响。
DOI：
10.1037/pag0000043
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Lazzeroni,LauraC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kennedy,Quinn;Taylor,Joy;Noda,Art;Yesavage,Jerome;Lazzeroni,LauraC
了解中年和老年人在现实世界任务中的练习次数（练习）和练习次数之间的时间（间隔）可能产生的影响对技能维护具有重要意义。先前的训练和认知能力可能会影响现实世界任务的实践和间隔效应。在这项研究中，我们利用了现有的实践数据，从5个模拟飞行中的263名中年和老年飞行员与不同水平的飞行专业知识（定义由美国联邦航空管理局熟练程度评级）。我们开发了一个新的同步时间对练习的影响（STEP）模型：（a）模拟练习和间隔对5次飞行表现的同时影响，（B）检查选定协变量（即年龄，飞行专业知识和3个认知能力综合指标）的影响。STEP模型表现出一致的积极实践效果，负间隔效应，预测协变量的影响。年龄负缓和的有益效果的做法。此外，认知处理速度和处理速度的个体内变异性（IIV）缓和了练习的益处和/或间隔对特定飞行性能指标的负面影响。专业知识与实践或间隔没有相互作用。结果表明，练习和间隔效应发生在模拟飞行任务。然而，处理速度和IIV可能会影响这些效果，即使在高功能的成年人。结果有针对性的中年和老年人复杂的现实世界的任务的培训干预措施的设计和评估的影响。
Understanding the possible effects of the number of practice sessions (practice) and time between practice sessions (interval) among middle-aged and older adults in real-world tasks has important implications for skill maintenance. Prior training and cognitive ability may impact practice and interval effects on real-world tasks. In this study, we took advantage of existing practice data from 5 simulated flights among 263 middle-aged and older pilots with varying levels of flight expertise (defined by US Federal Aviation Administration proficiency ratings). We developed a new Simultaneous Time Effects on Practice (STEP) model:(a) to model the simultaneous effects of practice and interval on performance of the 5 flights, and (b) to examine the effects of selected covariates (ie, age, flight expertise, and 3 composite measures of cognitive ability). The STEP model demonstrated consistent positive practice effects, negative interval effects, and predicted covariate effects. Age negatively moderated the beneficial effects of practice. Additionally, cognitive processing speed and intraindividual variability (IIV) in processing speed moderated the benefits of practice and/or the negative influence of interval for particular flight performance measures. Expertise did not interact with practice or interval. Results indicated that practice and interval effects occur in simulated flight tasks. However, processing speed and IIV may influence these effects, even among high-functioning adults. Results have implications for the design and assessment of training interventions targeted at middle-aged and older adults for complex real-world tasks.