The Effects of Exposure to Better Neighborhoods on Children: New Evidence from the Moving to Opportunity Experiment
The Effects of Exposure to Better Neighborhoods on Children: New Evidence from the Moving to Opportunity Experiment
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DOI：
10.1257/aer.20150572
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发表时间：
2016-04-01
影响因子：
10.7
通讯作者：
Katz, Lawrence F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chetty, Raj;Hendren, Nathaniel;Katz, Lawrence F.
走向机会（MTO）实验提供随机选择的家庭住房券，从高贫困住房项目搬到较低贫困的社区。我们使用税收数据分析了MTO对儿童长期结果的影响。我们发现，在年轻时（13岁之前）搬到一个贫困程度较低的社区，可以提高大学入学率和收入，降低单亲率。青少年时期的迁移有轻微的负面影响，也许是因为干扰效应。随着儿童迁移年龄的增长，迁移带来的收益也在下降，这表明儿童时期接触更好环境的时间长短是儿童长期结果的一个重要决定因素。
The Moving to Opportunity (MTO) experiment offered randomly selected families housing vouchers to move from high-poverty housing projects to lower-poverty neighborhoods. We analyze MTO's impacts on children's long-term outcomes using tax data. We find that moving to a lower-poverty neighborhood when young (before age 13) increases college attendance and earnings and reduces single parenthood rates. Moving as an adolescent has slightly negative impacts, perhaps because of disruption effects. The decline in the gains from moving with the age when children move suggests that the duration of exposure to better environments during childhood is an important determinant of children's long-term outcomes.