Playing games to save water: Collective action games for groundwater management in Andhra Pradesh, India
Playing games to save water: Collective action games for groundwater management in Andhra Pradesh, India
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玩节约用水的游戏：印度安得拉邦地下水管理集体行动游戏
DOI：
10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.02.006
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Sophie Theis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Meinzen;M. Janssen;S. Kandikuppa;R. Chaturvedi;Kaushalendra Rao;Sophie Theis
地下水是最具挑战性的公共资源之一，导致许多地区的资源枯竭。我们提出了一个创新的集体行动游戏，不仅测量合作倾向，但提高当地的地下水相互关系的理解和刺激地下水的集体治理，在印度安得拉邦的试点研究的基础上。游戏模拟作物选择和含水层的后果。随后是社区汇报，为讨论地下水使用的相互关联性提供了一个切入点，以影响有关地下水的心理模型。一年后，在同一社区玩了一个稍微修改过的游戏。我们的研究发现，游戏中的沟通增加了游戏第二年达到可持续提取水平的可能性，但不是第一年。根据参与者在游戏中的表现向他们支付的个人报酬对作物选择没有影响。无论是重复的游戏经验，还是游戏结构的修改，都在第二年引起了更多的合作，超过了其他影响行为的因素，如教育，性别和信任指数得分。比赛结束后，与同一个非政府组织水资源共享计划中的其他社区相比，采用水资源登记和管理地下水规则的社区比例明显较高。由于地下水位受到许多因素的影响，仅凭游戏并不能结束地下水枯竭。然而，游戏可以促进社会学习作物选择和集体行动的作用，激励行为改变，以更可持续的地下水开采。
Groundwater is one of the most challenging common pool resources to govern, resulting in resource depletion in many areas. We present an innovative use of collective action games to not only measure propensity for cooperation, but to improve local understanding of groundwater interrelationships and stimulate collective governance of groundwater, based on a pilot study in Andhra Pradesh, India. The games simulate crop choice and consequences for the aquifer. These were followed by a community debriefing, which provided an entry point for discussing the interconnectedness of groundwater use, to affect mental models about groundwater. A slightly modified game was played in the same communities, one year later. Our study finds communication within the game increased the likelihood of groups reaching sustainable extraction levels in the second year of play, but not the first. Individual payments to participants based on how they played in the game had no effect on crop choice. Either repeated experience with the games or the revised structure of the game evoked more cooperation in the second year, outweighing other factors influencing behavior, such as education, gender, and trust index scores. After the games were played, a significantly higher proportion of communities adopted water registers and rules to govern groundwater, compared to other communities in the same NGO water commons program. Because groundwater levels are affected by many factors, games alone will not end groundwater depletion. However, games can contribute to social learning about the role of crop choice and collective action, to motivate behavior change toward more sustainable groundwater extraction.