Black carbon measurements in the boundary layer over western and northern Europe
Black carbon measurements in the boundary layer over western and northern Europe
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DOI：
10.5194/acp-10-9393-2010
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发表时间：
2010-10
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
G. McMeeking;T. Hamburger;Dantong Liu;M. Flynn;W. Morgan;M. Northway;E. Highwood;R. Krejci;J. Allan;A. Minikin;H. Coe
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文献类型：
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作者：
G. McMeeking;T. Hamburger;Dantong Liu;M. Flynn;W. Morgan;M. Northway;E. Highwood;R. Krejci;J. Allan;A. Minikin;H. Coe
欧洲是一个人口稠密的地区，是一个重要的全球来源的黑碳（BC）气溶胶，但有一个缺乏信息的物理特性和空间/垂直分布的rBC在该地区。我们提出了第一架飞机观测亚微米难熔BC（rBC）气溶胶浓度和物理特性测量的单粒子烟尘光度计（SP2）在欧洲对流层下部。观测范围大致为北纬50度至60度，西经15度至30度。2008年4月至9月期间进行的测量显示，平均rBC质量浓度范围从城市地区附近的约300 ng m（-3）到偏远大陆地区的约50 ng m（-3），低于之前的表面测量值。rBC代表亚微米气溶胶质量的0.5%至3%。黑碳质量尺寸分布为对数正态分布，并在约180 nm处达到峰值，但在源区附近转移到较小的直径（类似于160 nm）。rBC与一氧化碳（CO）相关，但根据位置和空气质量，与CO的比率不同。光吸收系数测量颗粒烟尘吸收光度计在两个单独的飞机，并显示出类似的地理模式，以rBC质量测量的SP2。我们总结了作为经度和空气质量年龄的函数的rBC和光吸收测量，并提供了rBC质量浓度和粒度分布统计的配置文件。我们的研究结果将有助于评估模型预测的区域rBC浓度和属性，并确定由于大气加热和地表变暗而引起的rBC对区域和全球气候的影响。
Europe is a densely populated region that is a significant global source of black carbon (BC) aerosol, but there is a lack of information regarding the physical properties and spatial/vertical distribution of rBC in the region. We present the first aircraft observations of sub-micron refractory BC (rBC) aerosol concentrations and physical properties measured by a single particle soot photometer (SP2) in the lower troposphere over Europe. The observations spanned a region roughly bounded by 50 degrees to 60 degrees N and from 15 degrees W to 30 degrees E. The measurements, made between April and September 2008, showed that average rBC mass concentrations ranged from about 300 ng m(-3) near urban areas to approximately 50 ng m(-3) in remote continental regions, lower than previous surface-based measurements. rBC represented between 0.5 and 3% of the sub-micron aerosol mass. Black carbon mass size distributions were log-normally distributed and peaked at approximately 180 nm, but shifted to smaller diameters (similar to 160 nm) near source regions. rBC was correlated with carbon monoxide (CO) but had different ratios to CO depending on location and air mass. Light absorption coefficients were measured by particle soot absorption photometers on two separate aircraft and showed similar geographic patterns to rBC mass measured by the SP2. We summarize the rBC and light absorption measurements as a function of longitude and air mass age and also provide profiles of rBC mass concentrations and size distribution statistics. Our results will help evaluate model-predicted regional rBC concentrations and properties and determine regional and global climate impacts from rBC due to atmospheric heating and surface dimming.