Binding to E1 and E3 is mutually exclusive for the human autophagy E2 Atg3.

Binding to E1 and E3 is mutually exclusive for the human autophagy E2 Atg3.
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人类自噬 E2 Atg3 与 E1 和 E3 的结合是相互排斥的。

DOI:
10.1002/pro.2381
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发表时间:
2013
期刊:
Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Kaiser,StephenE
Kaiser,StephenE
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
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作者:
Qiu,Yu;Hofmann,Kay;Coats,JulieE;Schulman,BrendaA;Kaiser,StephenE

文献摘要

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泛素样蛋白 (UBL) 由 E1-E2-E3 酶级联激活、转移和结合。典型 UBL(例如泛素、SUMO 和 NEDD8)的 E2 酶通常使用共同表面来与 E1 和 E3 酶结合。因此,在 E3 介导的 UBL 连接之前,规范的 E2 需要从 E1 上脱离。然而,自噬途径中的 E1、E2 和 E3 酶在结构和功能上与经典酶不同,并且无法预测自噬 UBL 级联是否按照相同的原理组织。在这里,我们针对介导人类自噬 UBL、LC3 脂化的途径解决了这个问题。我们利用生物信息学和实验方法来识别自噬 E2 Atg3 中的一个独特区域,该区域与自噬 E3 Atg12∼Atg5-Atg16 结合。与该 Atg3 序列相对应的短肽可在体外抑制 LC3 脂化。值得注意的是,Atg3 上的 E3 结合位点与 E1 Atg7 的结合位点重叠。因此,E3 与 Atg7 竞争与 Atg3 的结合,这意味着 Atg3 可能在与 Atg7 结合以加载 UBL LC3 和与 E3 结合以促进 LC3 脂化之间来回循环。结果表明,规范和非规范 UBL 传输级联背后存在共同的组织原则,但它们是通过不同的结构特征建立的。
Ubiquitin‐like proteins (UBLs) are activated, transferred and conjugated by E1‐E2‐E3 enzyme cascades. E2 enzymes for canonical UBLs such as ubiquitin, SUMO, and NEDD8 typically use common surfaces to bind to E1 and E3 enzymes. Thus, canonical E2s are required to disengage from E1 prior to E3‐mediated UBL ligation. However, E1, E2, and E3 enzymes in the autophagy pathway are structurally and functionally distinct from canonical enzymes, and it has not been possible to predict whether autophagy UBL cascades are organized according to the same principles. Here, we address this question for the pathway mediating lipidation of the human autophagy UBL, LC3. We utilized bioinformatic and experimental approaches to identify a distinctive region in the autophagy E2, Atg3, that binds to the autophagy E3, Atg12∼Atg5‐Atg16. Short peptides corresponding to this Atg3 sequence inhibit LC3 lipidationin vitro. Notably, the E3‐binding site on Atg3 overlaps with the binding site for the E1, Atg7. Accordingly, the E3 competes with Atg7 for binding to Atg3, implying that Atg3 likely cycles back and forth between binding to Atg7 for loading with the UBL LC3 and binding to E3 to promote LC3 lipidation. The results show that common organizational principles underlie canonical and noncanonical UBL transfer cascades, but are established through distinct structural features.