Effects of functional groups and species richness on biomass constituents relevant for combustion: results from a grassland diversity experiment
Effects of functional groups and species richness on biomass constituents relevant for combustion: results from a grassland diversity experiment
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2494.2012.00884.x
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发表时间：
2012-12-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Wachendorf, M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Khalsa, J.;Fricke, T.;Wachendorf, M.
草地生物质已被确定为一种潜在的能源。燃烧成熟的和纤维状的生物质是一种可能的转换技术，就像在低砍伐频率下管理的大片草原上发生的那样。这项研究测试了植物多样性和与燃烧相关的生物质成分之间的关系，因为它们决定了能量含量、能量产量和排放以及腐蚀风险。生物多样性实验的生物量每年收获两次(2008年和2009年)，物种丰富度梯度为160种，来自中欧中温草原，分为四个功能组(草、豆类、小草本和高大草本)。较高的热值(HHV)是由碳、氢和氧含量估计的，以深入了解物种混合物的能量潜力。通过分析灰分、钾、钙、镁、氮、硫和氯的含量，评估了排放和腐蚀的潜在风险。HHV与SR无关，总体平均值为18.13MJ kg(-1)DM。SR对生物量和总能产量有正向影响。无论SR水平如何，豆类在混合物中的存在都会导致HHV、生物量和GE的增加。年总能在59(单一栽培的平均值)到152GJ ha(-1)年(60种混合)之间变化。生物质中形成灰分的元素浓度普遍较高，这表明生物质在燃烧前需要进行预处理。与排放和腐蚀相关的成分明显受不同官能团的影响，硫和氮都随着SR的增加而下降。研究结果表明，在试验草地群落中，高SR有利于能量输出，豆科植物在能量潜力中起着关键作用。然而，很难确定一个官能团对燃料质量是唯一有利的还是不利的。
Grassland biomass has been identified as a potential energy source. The combustion of mature and fibrous biomass, as occurs in extensive grasslands managed with low cutting frequencies, is one possible conversion technique. This study tested the relationship between plant diversity and biomass constituents relevant for combustion, as they determine energy content, energy yield and emission and corrosion risks. The biomass from a biodiversity experiment, with a species richness (SR) gradient of 160 species from Central European mesophilic grasslands divided into four functional groups (grasses, legumes, small and tall herbs), was harvested twice a year (in 2008 and 2009). The higher heating value (HHV) was estimated from carbon, hydrogen and oxygen contents to give insight into the energy potential of the species mixtures. The potential risk of emission and corrosion was assessed by analysing ash content, potassium, calcium, magnesium, nitrogen, sulphur and chloride content. HHV was independent of SR, and the overall mean was 18.13 MJ kg(-1) DM. Biomass and gross energy (GE) yield were positively affected by SR. The presence of legumes in a mixture resulted in increased HHV, biomass yield and GE, irrespective of the level of SR. Annual GE varied between 59 (average of monocultures) and 152 GJ ha(-1) year(-1) (mixture of sixty species). The concentration of ash-forming elements was generally high, suggesting a pre-treatment of the biomass prior to combustion. Emission- and corrosion-related constituents were clearly affected by the different functional groups, and sulphur and nitrogen both declined with SR. The results of this study show that high SR in experimental grassland communities is beneficial for the energy output and that legumes play a key role for the energy potential. However, identifying a functional group as being solely beneficial or disadvantageous for fuel quality was difficult.