Ancient DNA, Strontium isotopes, and osteological analyses shed light on social and kinship organization of the Later Stone Age
Ancient DNA, Strontium isotopes, and osteological analyses shed light on social and kinship organization of the Later Stone Age
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0807592105
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发表时间：
2008-11-25
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Alt, Kurt W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Haak, Wolfgang;Brandt, Guido;Alt, Kurt W.
2005年，在德国的Eulau附近发现了四个杰出的多墓葬。这些4,600年历史的坟墓里有一群成年人和孩子，他们面对面地被埋葬。可疑的和人为的证据以及同时埋葬的个人表明，所谓的家庭成为暴力事件的受害者。在一个多学科的方法，考古学，人类学，地球化学（放射性同位素）和分子遗传学（古代DNA）的方法被应用到这些独特的墓葬。使用常染色体，线粒体和Y染色体标记，我们确定了个体之间的遗传亲缘关系。在一个墓葬中发现了直接的亲子关系，提供了核心家庭最古老的分子遗传证据。锶同位素分析指出，男性和儿童与女性的来源不同。通过这种方法，我们可以深入了解一个石器时代晚期的社会，这个社会似乎是外婚制和父权制的，在这个社会中，遗传亲属关系似乎是社会组织的焦点。
In 2005 four outstanding multiple burials were discovered near Eulau, Germany. The 4,600-year-old graves contained groups of adults and children buried facing each other. Skeletal and artifactual evidence and the simultaneous interment of the individuals suggest the supposed families fell victim to a violent event. In a multidisciplinary approach, archaeological, anthropological, geochemical (radiogenic isotopes), and molecular genetic (ancient DNA) methods were applied to these unique burials. Using autosomal, mitochondrial, and Y-chromosomal markers, we identified genetic kinship among the individuals. A direct child-parent relationship was detected in one burial, providing the oldest molecular genetic evidence of a nuclear family. Strontium isotope analyses point to different origins for males and children versus females. By this approach, we gain insight into a Late Stone Age society, which appears to have been exogamous and patrilocal, and in which genetic kinship seems to be a focal point of social organization.