Pi: A practical incentive protocol for delay tolerant networks
Pi: A practical incentive protocol for delay tolerant networks
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DOI：
10.1109/twc.2010.04.090557
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发表时间：
2010-04
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
R. Lu;Xiaodong Lin;Haojin Zhu;Xuemin Shen;B. R. Preiss
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Lu;Xiaodong Lin;Haojin Zhu;Xuemin Shen;B. R. Preiss
延迟容忍网络（Delay Tolerant Networks，DTN）是一类缺乏保证连通性的网络，通常DTN节点之间的相遇频率较低，网络内的传播延迟较长。因此，DTN中的消息传播过程遵循存储-携带-转发的方式，并且在每个单独的DTN节点愿意帮助转发的假设下，在途捆绑消息可以通过间歇性连接被机会性地路由到目的地。不幸的是，可能存在一些自私的节点，特别是在一个合作的网络，如DTN，自私DTN节点的存在可能会导致灾难性的破坏任何设计良好的机会路由方案，危及整个网络。在本文中，为了解决DTN中的自私问题，我们提出了一个实用的激励协议，称为Pi，这样当源节点发送一个捆绑消息，它也附加一些激励的捆绑，这不仅是有吸引力的，而且公平的所有参与DTN节点。在公平激励下，自私DTN节点可以被激励来帮助转发捆绑，以实现更好的分组交付性能。此外，Pi协议还能有效地抵御DTN自私节点发起的各种攻击，如搭便车攻击、层删除攻击和层添加攻击等。大量的仿真结果表明，所提出的Pi协议的有效性，在高的交付率和较低的平均延迟。
Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs) are a class of networks characterized by lack of guaranteed connectivity, typically low frequency of encounters between DTN nodes and long propagation delays within the network. As a result, the message propagation process in DTNs follows a store-carryand- forward manner, and the in-transit bundle messages can be opportunistically routed towards the destinations through intermittent connections under the hypothesis that each individual DTN node is willing to help with forwarding. Unfortunately, there may exist some selfish nodes, especially in a cooperative network like DTN, and the presence of selfish DTN nodes could cause catastrophic damage to any well designed opportunistic routing scheme and jeopardize the whole network. In this paper, to address the selfishness problem in DTNs, we propose a practical incentive protocol, called Pi, such that when a source node sends a bundle message, it also attaches some incentive on the bundle, which is not only attractive but also fair to all participating DTN nodes. With the fair incentive, the selfish DTN nodes could be stimulated to help with forwarding bundles to achieve better packet delivery performance. In addition, the proposed Pi protocol can also thwart various attacks, which could be launched by selfish DTN nodes, such as free ride attack, layer removing and adding attacks. Extensive simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed Pi protocol in terms of high delivery ratio and lower average delay.