Yield responses of Southern US rice cultivars to CO2 and temperature
Yield responses of Southern US rice cultivars to CO2 and temperature
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DOI：
10.1016/j.agrformet.2003.09.012
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发表时间：
2004-04-20
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
Baker, JT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baker, JT
以往对大气二氧化碳浓度([CO2])和气温的影响及其相互作用的研究表明，亚洲水稻(Oryza sativa L.)的生长和产量反应存在很大差异。品种。人们对美国南部普遍种植的水稻品种的关注要少得多。这项为期两年的研究旨在确定[CO2]和气温对美国南方四个水稻品种的影响。2000年，‘Cocodrie’、‘Cypress’和‘Jefferson’在五个室外、自然日照、可控环境的室内进行了长达一季的种植，昼夜气温分别为24、28、32、36和40摄氏度，[CO2]升高了700摩尔摩尔(-1)。2000年，另一个装有所有三个品种的气室保持在28℃，环境[CO2]处理为350摩尔摩尔(-1)。2002年，对水稻品种‘Lamont’进行了一项更详细的研究，考察了主要作物(MC)和再生作物(RC)的产量。这些水稻品种的昼夜气温分别为19/15、23/19、27/23、31/27和35/31摄氏度，[CO2]升高700摩尔摩尔(-1)。2002年，一个额外的小室保持在27/23℃，环境[二氧化碳]处理为350摩尔摩尔(-1)。在2000年的试验中，所有三个品种在40℃处理下的植株都在营养生长的早期死亡。在36℃恒温处理下，三个品种均能存活产生颗粒，但不能产生任何种子产量。在28℃的温度处理下，3个品种的籽粒产量均比对照增加46-71%，其中柏树对CO2浓度增加的响应最强。在2002年用Lamont品种进行的试验中，35/31和19/15℃处理的植株存活了下来，产生了圆锥花序，但没有产生任何种子产量。在27/23℃处理中，增施CO2对MC的种子产量没有显著增加，但使RC产量增加了一倍以上。将这些结果与以前对亚洲水稻品种的研究结果进行比较表明，这些美国南部水稻品种在生殖发育过程中可能比以前研究的亚洲品种对高温胁迫更敏感。这些结果还表明，有可能选择或培育能力更强的水稻品种，以利用未来全球[二氧化碳]的增加。爱思唯尔出版公司(Elsevier B.V.)
Previous studies on the effects and interactions of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) and air temperatures have shown large differences in growth and yield responses among Asian rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars. Far less attention has been focused on rice cultivars commonly grown in the Southern US. This 2-year study was conducted to determine the effects of [CO2] and air temperature on four Southern US rice cultivars. In 2000, 'Cocodrie', 'Cypress', and 'Jefferson' were grown season-long in five outdoor, naturally sunlit, controlled-environment chambers in constant day-night air temperature regimes of 24, 28, 32, 36, and 40 degreesC under an elevated [CO2] of 700 mumol mol(-1). In 2000, an additional chamber containing all three cultivars was maintained at 28 degreesC and an ambient [CO2] treatment of 350 mumol mol(-1). In 2002, a more detailed study examining both main crop (MC) and ratoon crop (RC) yields was conducted with the rice cultivar 'Lamont' in these same chambers with day-night air temperature treatments of 19/15, 23/19, 27/23, 31/27, and 35/31 degreesC under an elevated [CO2]of 700 mumol mol(-1). In 2002, an additional chamber was maintained at 27/23 degreesC and an ambient [CO2] treatment of 350 mumol mol(-1). In the 2000 experiment, all the plants of all three cultivars in the 40 degreesC treatment died during early vegetative growth. In the constant 36 degreesC air temperature treatment, all three cultivars survived to produce particles but failed to produce any seed yield. At the 28 degreesC temperature treatment, CO2 enrichment increased grain yield by 46-71% among the three cultivars with the cultivar Cypress being the most responsive to CO2 enrichment. In the 2002 experiment with the cultivar Lamont, plants in the 35/31 and 19/15 degreesC treatments survived to produce panicles but failed to produce any seed yield. In the 27/23 degreesC treatment, CO2 enrichment resulted in a non-significant increase in seed yield for the MC but more than doubled RC yields. Comparisons of these results with findings from prior studies on Asian indica and japonica cultivars indicate that these Southern US rice cultivars may be more sensitive to high temperature stresses during reproductive development than previously studied Asian cultivars. These results also point to the possibility of selecting or breeding rice cultivars with enhanced capability to take advantage of future global increases in [CO2]. Published by Elsevier B.V.