LINKING THE HYDRAULIC WORLD OF INDIVIDUAL ORGANISMS TO ECOLOGICAL PROCESSES: PUTTING ECOLOGY INTO ECOHYDRAULICS
LINKING THE HYDRAULIC WORLD OF INDIVIDUAL ORGANISMS TO ECOLOGICAL PROCESSES: PUTTING ECOLOGY INTO ECOHYDRAULICS
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DOI：
10.1002/rra.1274
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发表时间：
2010-05-10
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Downes, Barbara J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lancaster, Jill;Downes, Barbara J.
生态水力学是一个相对较新的名称，它是一个长期存在的领域，研究生态学和流水物理之间的相互作用。近几十年来，新兴的文献将物种密度与环境变量，特别是与流量相关的环境变量联系起来。这些丰度-环境关系（AERs）有时被用于基于栖息地的关联模型（HAMs）来预测物种丰度的变化，特别是人类引起的环境变化。不幸的是，从AERs中得出的一些结论是基于站不住脚的生态断言或错误的假设，包括：因果关系的不合逻辑的推断，“栖息地偏好”等假设与其他因果机制混淆，关于环境容忍和优化的过时观念。此外，生物相互作用在AERs中的作用通常被忽略，而生物相互作用构成了大多数现代群落生态学模型的核心。以AERs为基础的ham通常用于预测人口变化，但缺乏人口比率（出生、死亡、迁移）的信息，而这对人口水平的预测至关重要。我们对这些弱点进行了详细的讨论，我们建议，如果生态水力学要促进我们对河流生态系统的理解和我们管理河流的能力，就必须承认和克服这些弱点。我们给出了两个基于生态学原理的生态-物理界面研究的例子：(1)水流如何影响滤食性昆虫（拟蝇科和水蛉科）的摄食率及其对幼虫生长速度、成虫体型和繁殖力的影响；(2)决定水面涌现岩石密度的物理因素如何影响雌性在涌现岩石上产卵的昆虫的种群密度。生态水力学是一个跨学科的领域，需要生态学和水力学的专业知识，真正的跨学科团队可能最有希望解决许多未解之谜和未解决的问题。版权所有John Wiley & Sons， Ltd. 2009
Ecohydraulics is a relatively new name for a long-standing field investigating the interactions between ecology and the physics of flowing water. In recent decades, a burgeoning literature has developed relating species' densities to environmental variables, particularly those associated with flow. These abundance-environment relations (AERs) are sometimes used in habitat-based association models (HAMs) to predict changes to species' abundances, especially human-caused changes to the environment. Unfortunately, some conclusions arising from AERs are based on untenable ecological assertions or faulty assumptions including: illogical inference of cause-and-effect, muddling of hypotheses such as 'habitat preference' with other causal mechanisms, outdated ideas about environmental tolerance and optimization. Furthermore, the effects of biological interactions in AERs are routinely ignored, when biological interactions form the core of most modern models in community ecology. HAMs underpinned by AERs are often used to predict changes in populations, but lack information on demographic rates (births, deaths, migration), which are essential for population-level predictions. These weaknesses are discussed at length and, we suggest, must be acknowledged and surmounted if ecohydraulics is to advance our understanding of stream ecosystems and our capacity to manage streams. We give two examples of research at the ecological-physical interface that are grounded in ecological principles: (1) how flow influences feeding rates of filter-feeding insects (Simuliidae and Hydropsychidae) and the consequences for larval growth rates, adult body size and fecundity, and (2) how the physical factors that determine the density of rocks emergent from the water's surface may affect population densities of insects where females lay their eggs on emergent rocks. Ecohydraulics is an interdisciplinary field that requires expertise in both ecology and hydraulics, and true interdisciplinary teams may have the best prospects of addressing the many unanswered and untackled questions. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.