Current Concentration of Artificial Radionuclides and Estimated Radiation Doses from 137Cs around the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Testing Site, and in Nagasaki
Current Concentration of Artificial Radionuclides and Estimated Radiation Doses from 137Cs around the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Testing Site, and in Nagasaki
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DOI：
10.1269/jrr.10104
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Takamura, Noboru
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Taira, Yasuyuki;Hayashida, Naomi;Takamura, Noboru
为了评估切尔诺贝利核电站（CNPP）事故和塞米巴拉金斯克核试验场（SNTS）核试验造成的内部和外部照射的当前环境污染和贡献，采用伽马能谱法分析了每个地区食用蘑菇、土壤和石头中的人工放射性核素浓度。计算了每个地区铯污染的年有效剂量。计算得出的摄入蘑菇引起的Cs-137内部有效剂量在戈梅利市（CNPP周围）为1.8 x 10（-1）mSv/年，在科罗什滕市（CNPP周围）为1.7 x 10（-1）mSv/年，在塞米巴拉金斯克市为2.8 x 10（-4）mSv/年，在长崎为1.3 x 10（-4）mSv/年。计算出的Cs-137外部有效剂量在戈梅利市为3.4 x 10 - 2 mSv/y，在Korosten市为6.2 x 10 - 2 mSv/y，在塞米巴拉金斯克市为2.0 x 10 - 4 mSv/y，在长崎为1.3 x 10-4 mSv/y。在巴拉潘湖（SNTS）附近收集的石头中的放射性核素分布为Am-241（49.4 +/- 1.4 Bq/kg）、Cs-137（406.3 +/- 1.7 Bq/kg）、Co-58（3.2 +/- 0.5 Bq/kg）和Co-60（125.9 +/- 1.1和126.1 +/- 1.1 Bq/kg）。目前的研究表明，CNPP周围的内部和外部照射剂量率并不足够低，即使目前的水平低于1 mSv/y的公共剂量限值，辐射照射潜力仍然存在（ICRP 1991）。此外，部分SNTS地区可能仍然受到核试验产生的人工放射性核素的污染。对CNPP和SNTS周围的环境监测进行长期跟踪，以及对居住在这些地区周围的人口的健康影响进行评估，可能有助于减少居民不必要的照射，从而提高辐射安全。
To evaluate current environmental contamination and contributions from internal and external exposure due to the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (CNPP) and nuclear tests at the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Testing Site (SNTS), concentrations of artificial radionuclides in edible mushrooms, soils and stones from each area were analyzed by gamma spectrometry. Annual effective doses were calculated for each area from the cesium contamination. Calculated internal effective doses of Cs-137 due to ingestion of mushrooms were 1.8 x 10(-1) mSv/year (y) in Gomel city (around CNPP), 1.7 x 10(-1) mSv/y in Korosten city (around CNPP), 2.8 x 10(-4) mSv/y in Semipalatinsk city, and 1.3 x 10(-4) mSv/y in Nagasaki. Calculated external effective doses of Cs-137 were 3.4 x 10(-2) mSv/y in Gomel city, 6.2 x 10(-2) mSv/y in Korosten city, 2.0 x 10(-4) mSv/y in Semipalatinsk city, and 1.3 x 10-4 mSv/y in Nagasaki. Distribution of radionuclides in stones collected beside Lake Balapan (in SNTS) were Am-241 (49.4 +/- 1.4 Bq/kg), Cs-137 (406.3 +/- 1.7 Bq/kg), Co-58 (3.2 +/- 0.5 Bq/kg), and Co-60 (125.9 +/- 1.1 and 126.1 +/- 1.1 Bq/kg). The present study revealed that dose rates from internal and external exposure around CNPP were not sufficiently low and radiation exposure potency still exists even though current levels are below the public dose limit of 1 mSv/y (ICRP1991). Moreover, parts of the SNTS area may be still contaminated by artificial radionuclides derived from nuclear tests. Long-term follow-up of environmental monitoring around CNPP and SNTS, as well as evaluation of health effects in the population residing around these areas, may contribute to radiation safety with a reduction of unnecessary exposure of residents.