Escape behaviour and ultimate causes of specific induced defences in an anuran tadpole
Escape behaviour and ultimate causes of specific induced defences in an anuran tadpole
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无尾蝌蚪的逃逸行为和特定诱导防御的最终原因
DOI：
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发表时间：
2005
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Pierre Joly
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Teplitsky;S. Plénet;J. Léna;N. Mermet;Emmanuel Malet;Pierre Joly
诱导防御，如两栖动物的捕食者回避形态，导致捕食风险的空间或时间的变化。这种变异性的一个重要组成部分应该是捕食者之间狩猎策略的差异。然而，很少有人知道如何具体和有效的诱导防御是不同类型的捕食者。我们分析了两个追求（鱼，Gasterosteus aculeatus）和坐着等待（鱼，Aeshna cyanea）捕食者对蝌蚪（蛙dalmatina）形态和性能（即运动性能和增长率）的影响。我们还研究了在鱼类捕食者存在下捕食者诱导表型的潜在益处。这两种捕食者诱导更深的尾鳍暴露在捕食的威胁，和棘鱼的存在也诱导更长的尾巴和更深的尾部肌肉。形态和行为的差异导致棘鱼诱导的蝌蚪具有更好的逃避能力，从而提高了面对棘鱼捕食的生存率。这些结果清楚地表明，特定的形态反应，不同类型的捕食者已经演变的R。达尔马提纳。具体的形态表明低相关性的防御所涉及的性状之间。特征的独立性允许被捕食物种根据当前的捕食风险微调它们的反应，以便防御的利益可以最大化。
Induced defences, such as the predator avoidance morphologies in amphibians, result from spatial or temporal variability in predation risk. One important component of this variability should be the difference in hunting strategies between predators. However, little is known about how specific and effective induced defences are to different types of predators. We analysed the impact of both pursuing (fish, Gasterosteus aculeatus) and sit‐and‐wait (dragonfly, Aeshna cyanea) predators on tadpole (Rana dalmatina) morphology and performance (viz locomotive performance and growth rate). We also investigated the potential benefits of the predator‐induced phenotype in the presence of fish predators. Both predators induced deeper tail fins in tadpoles exposed to threat of predation, and stickleback presence also induced longer tails and deeper tail muscles. Morphological and behavioural differences resulted in better escape ability of stickleback‐induced tadpoles, leading to improved survival in the face of stickleback predation. These results clearly indicate that specific morphological responses to different types of predators have evolved in R. dalmatina. The specific morphologies suggest low correlations between the traits involved in the defence. Independence of traits allows prey species to fine‐tune their response according to current predation risk, so that the benefit of the defence can be maximal.