Training-induced cerebral changes in the elderly
Training-induced cerebral changes in the elderly
复制标题
DOI：
10.3233/rnn-139009
复制
发表时间：
2014-01-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Schroeder, Johannes
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Degen, Christina;Schroeder, Johannes
随着人口结构向老龄化的转变，认知功能的改善和/或维持显得越来越重要。迄今为止，认知、心血管和感觉运动训练方法在老年人中的有效性已经经常通过神经心理学和行为表现测量来证明。我们介绍了一些应用现代成像技术（fMRI， PET）评估练习引起的大脑结构和功能变化的研究综述。从结构上讲，练习与体积增加有关。在功能上，神经网络招募重组，整体活动水平下降和增加。因此，人类的大脑在老年时仍保持着高度的可塑性。此外，练习似乎会导致更有效的处理，需要更少的神经参与来完成同样的任务。虽然节约的概念在健康人群中得到广泛支持，但在患者群体中，这种效果已被证明是不存在或逆转的。在此背景下讨论了认知储备的概念和潜在的补偿机制。
As the demographic shift towards an aging population prevails, the improvement and/or maintenance of cognitive functioning appear increasingly important. To date, the effectiveness of cognitive, cardiovascular and sensorimotor training approaches in older adults has been demonstrated frequently using neuropsychological and behavioral performance measures. We present an overview of selected studies applying modern imaging techniques ( fMRI, PET) to assess practice-induced structural and functional changes in the brain. Structurally, practice is associated with volumetric increases. Functionally, reorganization of neural network recruitment, overall decreases and increases in activity levels are found. Thus, the human brain retains a high degree of plasticity in old age. Moreover, it seems that practice leads to more efficient processing, requiring less neural engagement to perform the same task. While the concept of economization finds widespread support in healthy populations, in patient groups this effect has proven to be absent or reversed. The concept of cognitive reserve and potentially compensatory mechanisms are discussed in this context.