Gender differences in processing information for making self-assessments of health
Gender differences in processing information for making self-assessments of health
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DOI：
10.1097/00006842-200005000-00009
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发表时间：
2000-05-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Leventhal, H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Benyamini, Y;Leventhal, EA;Leventhal, H
目的：这项研究提出，妇女的更大的包容性的各种来源的信息时，作出自我评估的健康（SAH）的判断占的发现，SAH是一个较弱的预测死亡率的女性比男性。研究方法：从一个退休社区的830名老年居民的样本和一个5年的死亡率随访研究的数据被用来检查妇女和男子的负面影响（NA）的报告和判断SAH的基础。在何种程度上，每一个健康相关的措施占SAM死亡率协会在每个性别组进行了审查。结果如下：研究结果支持了两种可能的解释，即SAH作为女性死亡率预测因子的准确性较低：1）在男性和女性中，NA与SAH较差相关，但在男性中，NA与严重疾病以及其他负面生活事件的关系更密切，而在女性中，NA反映了更广泛的因素，而不是严重疾病的特异性因素。2)男性的SAM判断主要反映严重的、危及生命的疾病（腿部、心脏疾病），而女性的SAH判断反映危及生命和非危及生命的疾病（腿部、关节疾病）。结论：女性的SAH判断和NA是基于更广泛的健康相关和非健康相关的因素比男性的。这种差异可以解释SAH判断准确性的性别差异，并可能与女性身心健康和疾病行为的其他记录差异有关。研究结果强调，需要研究的基础NA和其他自我评价分别为妇女和男子。
Objective: This study proposes that women's greater inclusiveness of various sources of information when making self-assessed health (SAH) judgments accounts for the finding that SAH is a weaker predictor of mortality in women than in men. Methods: Data from a sample of 830 elderly residents of a retirement community and a 5-year mortality follow-up study were used to examine the bases for women's and men's reports of negative affect (NA) and judgments of SAH. The degree to which each health-related measure accounts for the SAM-mortality association in each gender group was examined. Results: The findings support two possible explanations for the lower accuracy of SAH as a predictor of mortality among women: 1) In both men and women, NA is associated with poorer SAH, but in men, NA is more closely linked to serious disease in conjunction with other negative life events, whereas in women, NA reflects a wider range of factors not specific to serious disease. 2) Men's SAM judgments reflect mainly serious, life-threatening disease leg, heart disease), whereas women's SAH judgments reflect both life-threatening and non-life-threatening disease leg, joint diseases). Conclusions: Women's SAH judgments and NAs are based on a wider range of health-related and non-health-related factors than are men's. This difference can explain gender differences in the accuracy of SAH judgments and may be related to other documented differences in women's physical and mental health and illness behavior. The findings emphasize the need to study the bases of NA and other self-evaluations separately for women and men.