Taphonomic History of the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic Faunal Assemblage from Ortvale Klde, Georgian Republic
Taphonomic History of the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic Faunal Assemblage from Ortvale Klde, Georgian Republic
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发表时间：
2005
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通讯作者：
G. Bar-Oz;D. Adler
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作者：
G. Bar-Oz;D. Adler
我们介绍了对乔治亚共和国奥特瓦勒克尔德中旧石器时代晚期(LMP)和旧旧石器时代早期(EUP)骨组合的动物遗骸进行详细的墓葬和动物考古研究的结果。一系列的挖掘测试和分析被用来重建骨骼组合的沉积史，并研究LMP(尼安德特人)和EUP(现代人)的狩猎和生存策略。我们确定了骨骼元素的最大数量，记录了骨骼表面的修改，骨骼碎裂的模式，以及主要被猎杀的有蹄类种群的人口结构。这种组合具有明显的密度偏向，但就地磨损和食肉动物破坏在组合形成中所起的作用很小。数据表明，大多数骨破坏发生在场地占用期间，可能与骨碎裂模式所示的骨髓消耗有关。高加索TURE(Capra Caucasica)是整个LMP和EUP的主要猎物物种，身体部位的表现、没有选择性运输以及屠体加工各个阶段的屠宰痕迹表明，高加索TURE受到了广泛的处理。对高加索人的牙萌出和磨损的分析表明，黄金年龄的成年人占主导地位。这项研究是第一次对南高加索地区的旧石器时代骨骼组合进行的动物考古学和攻击学研究，结果表明尼安德特人和现代人的狩猎策略和肉类加工行为没有显著差异
We present the results of a detailed taphonomic and zooarchaeological study of the faunal remains from the late Middle Palaeolithic (LMP) and early Upper Palaeolithic (EUP) bone assemblage of Ortvale Klde, Georgian Republic. A series of taphonomic tests and analyses are employed to reconstruct the depositional history of the bone assemblage and investigate LMP (Neanderthal) and EUP (Modern human) hunting and subsistence strategies. We identify the maximum number of skeletal elements, document bone surface modifications, the mode of bone fragmentation, and the demographic structure of the main hunted ungulate population. The assemblage is characterized by significant density-mediated biases, yet in situ attrition and carnivore damage play a minimal role in assemblage formation. Data suggest that most bone destruction occurred during site occupation, probably in relation to marrow consumption as indicated by the mode of bone fragmentation. Caucasian tur (Capra caucasica) is the major prey species throughout the LMP and EUP, and body part representation, the absence of selective transport, and butchery marks from all stages of carcass processing suggest that Caucasian tur were subjected to extensive handling. Analysis of Caucasian tur dental eruption and wear indicates that prime-age adult individuals dominate the assemblage. The results of this study, the first zooarchaeological and taphonomic study carried out on a Palaeolithic bone assemblage from the southern Caucasus, indicates that hunting strategies and meat processing behaviors were not significantly different between Neanderthals and Modern humans