Second messengers and membrane trafficking direct and organize growth cone steering.
Second messengers and membrane trafficking direct and organize growth cone steering.
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DOI:
10.1038/nrn2996
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发表时间:
2011-04
影响因子:
34.7
通讯作者:
Kamiguchi, Hiroyuki
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Tojima, Takuro;Hines, Jacob H.;Henley, John R.;Kamiguchi, Hiroyuki
Graded distributions of extracellular cues guide developing axons toward their targets. A network of second messengers, Ca2+ and cyclic nucleotides, shapes cue-derived information into either attractive or repulsive signals that steer growth cones bidirectionally. Emerging evidence suggests that such guidance signals create a localized imbalance between exocytosis and endocytosis, which in turn redirects membrane, adhesion and cytoskeletal components asymmetrically across the growth cone to bias the direction of axon extension. These recent advances allow us to propose a unifying model of how the growth cone translates shallow gradients of environmental information into polarized activity of the steering machinery for axon guidance.
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