Experimental Effects of Injunctive Norms on Simulated Risky Driving Among Teenage Males
Experimental Effects of Injunctive Norms on Simulated Risky Driving Among Teenage Males
复制标题
DOI：
10.1037/a0034837
复制
发表时间：
2014-07-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Shope, Jean T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Simons-Morton, Bruce G.;Bingham, C. Raymond;Shope, Jean T.
目的：青少年乘客影响青少年驾驶表现，可能是通过社会影响。为了研究社会规范对驾驶行为的影响，男性青少年被随机分配到一个模拟器中，与同龄的同伙一起驾驶，参与者被引导到接受风险或规避风险的社会规范中。据推测，青少年司机会从事更危险的驾驶行为，在同行乘客比没有乘客的存在，并与风险接受与风险厌恶的乘客相比。方法：66名年龄在16至18岁的持有临时驾驶执照的男性参与者被随机分配到模拟器中与风险接受或风险厌恶的乘客一起驾驶。在18个交叉路口，当单独驾驶一次和与指定乘客一起驾驶一次时，将红灯停车失败和红灯时间百分比作为主要风险相关结果进行测量。结果如下：在广义线性混合模型中，乘客存在对危险驾驶的影响受到乘客类型的调节，即未能停车（OR = 1.84，95% CI [1.19，2.86]，p < .001），在混合模型中，红色时间百分比（B = 7.71，95% CI [1.54，13.87]，p < .05）。结论：青少年男性暴露于一个风险接受同盟同行增加了青少年男性的风险模拟驾驶行为相比，暴露于一个风险厌恶同盟同行。这些结果表明，青少年危险驾驶的变异性可以部分解释社会规范。
Objective: Teenage passengers affect teenage driving performance, possibly by social influence. To examine the effect of social norms on driving behavior, male teenagers were randomly assigned to drive in a simulator with a peer-aged confederate to whom participants were primed to attribute either risk-accepting or risk-averse social norms. It was hypothesized that teenage drivers would engage in more risky driving behavior in the presence of peer passengers than no passengers, and with a risk-accepting compared with a risk-averse passenger. Method: 66 male participants aged 16 to 18 years holding a provisional driver license were randomized to drive with a risk-accepting or risk-averse passenger in a simulator. Failure to Stop at a red light and percent Time in Red (light) were measured as primary risk-relevant outcomes of interest at 18 intersections, while driving once alone and once with their assigned passenger. Results: The effect of passenger presence on risky driving was moderated by passenger type for Failed to Stop in a generalized linear mixed model (OR = 1.84, 95% CI [1.19, 2.86], p < .001), and percent Time in Red in a mixed model (B = 7.71, 95% CI [1.54, 13.87], p < .05). Conclusions: Exposure of teenage males to a risk-accepting confederate peer increased teenage males' risky simulated driving behavior compared with exposure to a risk-averse confederate peer. These results indicate that variability in teenage risky driving could be partially explained by social norms.