Future Perspectives of Personalized Weight Loss Interventions Based on Nutrigenetic, Epigenetic, and Metagenomic Data
Future Perspectives of Personalized Weight Loss Interventions Based on Nutrigenetic, Epigenetic, and Metagenomic Data
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DOI：
10.3945/jn.115.218354
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发表时间：
2016-04-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Martinez, J. Alfredo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Goni, Leticia;Cuervo, Marta;Martinez, J. Alfredo
随着肥胖症已成为一个主要的全球公共卫生挑战，大量的研究分析了旨在诱导负能量平衡的不同策略，从而减轻体重。然而，大多数现有的减肥计划通常是不成功的，所以已经进行了几次干预，以确定与这种变化有关的生理和行为因素，以便实施更个性化的治疗。如今，正在通过所谓的个性化营养提出个性化方法，其中不仅表型而且基因型用于定制营养治疗。关于体重调节，在与能量消耗、食欲、脂肪形成、胰岛素抵抗和脂质代谢相关的基因中或附近已经鉴定出类似于70种多态性。虽然个性化营养主要是指基因组成，但最近在表观基因组和微生物组研究方面的进展为实施更个性化的体重管理建议打开了大门。在这种情况下，最近的研究表明，存在几个表观遗传标记，可能会改变基因表达，并可能参与减肥干预的结果。此外，不同的研究表明，饮食干预可能会影响肠道微生物群的组成，并对体重产生影响。营养遗传学、表观遗传学和宏基因组学数据的整合可能会导致设计更个性化的饮食治疗，以预防慢性疾病并优化个体对饮食干预的反应。
As obesity has become a major global public health challenge, a large number of studies have analyzed different strategies aimed at inducing a negative energy balance and, consequently, body weight loss. However, most existing weight loss programs are generally unsuccessful, so several interventions have been carried out to identify physiologic and behavioral factors concerning this variability in order to implement more personalized treatment. Nowadays, an individualized approach is being proposed through so-called personalized nutrition, whereby not only the phenotype but also the genotype is used for customized nutrition treatment. Regarding body weight regulation, similar to 70 polymorphisms have been identified in or near genes related to energy expenditure, appetite, adipogenesis, insulin resistance, and lipid metabolism. Although personalized nutrition refers mainly to genetic makeup, recent advances in the investigation of the epigenome and themicrobiome open the door to implement more personalized recommendations for body weight management. In this context, recent studies have demonstrated the existence of several epigenetic markers that may modify gene expression and could be involved in the outcome of weight loss interventions. Moreover, different studies have shown that dietary interventions could affect the composition of gut microbiota and have an impact on body weight. The integration of nutrigenetic, epigenetic, and metagenomic data may lead to the design of more personalized dietary treatments to prevent chronic diseases and to optimize the individual's response to dietary interventions.