Evolving concepts of gliogenesis: a look way back and ahead to the next 25 years.
Evolving concepts of gliogenesis: a look way back and ahead to the next 25 years.
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不断发展的神经胶质发生概念：回顾接下来的25年。
DOI：
10.1016/j.neuron.2013.10.034
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发表时间：
2013-10-30
期刊：
影响因子：
16.2
通讯作者：
Rowitch DH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Freeman MR;Rowitch DH
神经胶质细胞存在于所有具有中枢神经系统的生物体中，随着大脑复杂性的增加，神经胶质细胞在细胞数量、多样性和功能上都有了实质性的增加。无脊椎动物，如果蝇，拥有与哺乳动物星形胶质细胞在基本形态和功能上相似的神经胶质亚型，为揭示神经胶质生物学的基本方面提供了肥沃的土壤。尽管简单生物体中的胶质细胞亚型可能相对同质，但新出现的证据表明，哺乳动物星形胶质细胞可能高度多样化，以满足局部神经元亚型的需要。在这方面，我们回顾了近年来星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞的经典和新的研究。我们提出，描述跨物种的遗传和发育程序对于理解神经胶质的核心功能至关重要，这些功能可以增强神经元功能，并对神经胶质在高阶脑功能和神经系统疾病中的作用有新的认识。
Glial cells are present in all organisms with a CNS and, with increasing brain complexity, glial cells have undergone substantive increases in cell number, diversity, and functions. Invertebrates, such as Drosophila, possess glial subtypes with similarity to mammalian astrocytes in their basic morphology and function, representing fertile ground for unraveling fundamental aspects of glial biology. Although glial subtypes in simple organisms may be relatively homogenous, emerging evidence suggests the possibility that mammalian astrocytes might be highly diversified to match the needs of local neuronal subtypes. In this Perspective, we review classic and new roles identified for astrocytes and oligodendrocytes by recent studies. We propose that delineating genetic and developmental programs across species will be essential to understand the core functions of glia that allow enhanced neuronal function and to achieve new insights into glial roles in higher-order brain function and neurological disease.