Pulsed electron-beam technology for surface modification of metallic materials
Pulsed electron-beam technology for surface modification of metallic materials
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DOI：
10.1116/1.581369
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发表时间：
1998-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Buchheit, RG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Proskurovsky, DI;Rotshtein, VP;Buchheit, RG
本文介绍了一种新的金属材料表面改性技术的基础，该技术基于使用低能、强流电子束的原始源。该源包含一个电子枪与爆炸发射阴极和等离子体阳极，放置在引导磁场。利用火花等离子体源或低压反射放电，用等离子体预填充加速间隙和运输通道。电子束源产生的电子束的参数如下：电子能量10-40 keV;脉冲持续时间0.5-5 μ s;能量密度0.5-40 J/cm（2），以及束横截面积10-50 cm（2）。它们操作简单、可靠。对各种结构和工具材料（钢、铝和钛合金、硬质合金）进行的研究表明，结构相态的最显著变化发生在从液态淬火的近表面层中，在那里结晶前沿速度达到最大值。在这些层中，可能发生第二相的部分或完全溶解以及过饱和固溶体和有序纳米结构的形成。这使得可以显著改善表面层的电化学和强度性能。已经确定的是，在近表面层中发生的变形过程导致具有改进的强度特性的改性层的厚度显著大于热影响区的厚度。给出了利用低能强流电子束提高材料和制品性能的一些实例。(C)1998年美国真空学会。[S0734-2101（98）03604-5]。
This article concerns the foundations of a new technology for surface modification of metallic materials based on the use of original sources of low-energy, high-current electron beams. The sources contain an electron gun with an explosive-emission cathode and a plasma anode, placed in a guide magnetic field. The acceleration gap and the transportation channel are prefilled with plasma with the use of spark plasma sources or a low-pressure reflected discharge. The electron-beam sources produce electron beams with the parameters as follows: electron energy 10-40 keV; pulse duration 0.5-5 mu s; energy density 0.5-40 J/cm(2), and beam cross-section area 10-50 cm(2). They are simple and reliable in operation. Investigations performed with a variety of constructional and tool materials (steels, aluminum and titanium alloys, hard alloys) have shown that the most pronounced changes of the structure-phase state occur in the near-surface layers quenched from the liquid state, where the crystallization front velocity reaches its maximum. In these layers partial or complete dissolving of second phases and formation of oversaturated solid solutions and ordered nanosized structures may take place. This makes it possible to improve substantially the electrochemical and strength properties of the surface layers. It has been established that the deformation processes occurring in the near-surface layers have the result that the thickness of the modified layer with improved strength properties is significantly greater than that of the heat-affected zone. Some examples of the use of low-energy, high-current electron beams for improving the performance of materials and articles are given. (C) 1998 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-2101(98)03604-5].