Differential susceptibility to rearing environment depending on dopamine-related genes: New evidence and a meta-analysis
Differential susceptibility to rearing environment depending on dopamine-related genes: New evidence and a meta-analysis
复制标题
DOI：
10.1017/s0954579410000635
复制
发表时间：
2011-02-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
van Ijzendoorn, Marinus H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian J.;van Ijzendoorn, Marinus H.
在本文中，我们提出了新的经验数据和荟萃分析证据的作用，多巴胺相关基因作为一个易感因素与养育环境的互动更好和更坏的，即增加儿童的易感性的不利影响的不支持的环境和有利影响的支持性养育。在研究1中，我们检查了91个7岁的孩子是否愿意把钱捐给慈善机构（联合国儿童基金会）。我们测试了依恋和捐赠行为之间的关联是否受到多巴胺受体D4（DRD 4）7-重复等位基因的调节。依恋故事完成任务被用来评估依恋作为一个指标的养育环境的质量。具有安全型依恋表征的儿童捐赠更多，但前提是他们具有DRD 4 7-重复等位基因。在研究2中，我们提出了一个荟萃分析的结果，基因环境研究的儿童高达10岁，涉及多巴胺相关基因（多巴胺受体D2，DRD 4，多巴胺转运蛋白）。这些“风险基因”和不利的饲养环境的累积负面影响已经强调，但这些相同的基因与积极的饲养环境相互作用的潜在累积积极影响仍然在很大程度上被忽视。我们研究了消极和积极的养育环境和发展结果之间的关联，多巴胺相关基因多态性的调节。与没有“遗传风险”的对照组相比，多巴胺相关基因效率较低的儿童在消极环境中表现更差，但他们也从积极环境中获益最多。研究结果进行了讨论，根据进化理论，并说明了一些实际意义的差异敏感性。
In the current paper we present new empirical data and meta-analytic evidence for the role of dopamine-related genes as a susceptibility factor interacting with the rearing environment for better and for worse, that is, increasing children's susceptibility to both the adverse effects of unsupportive environments and the beneficial effects of supportive rearing. In Study 1 we examined the readiness of 91 7-year-old children to donate their money to a charity (UNICEF). We tested whether the association between attachment and donating behavior was moderated by the presence of the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) 7-repeat allele. The attachment story completion task was used to assess attachment as an index of the quality of the rearing environment. Children with secure attachment representations donated more but only if they had the DRD4 7-repeat allele. In Study 2 we present the results of a meta-analysis of gene environment studies on children up to 10 years of age involving dopamine-related genes (dopamine receptor D2, DRD4, dopamine transporter). The cumulative negative effects of these "risk genes" and adverse rearing environments have been stressed, but potentially cumulative positive effects of these same genes interacting with positive rearing environments remained largely unnoticed. We examined the associations between negative and positive rearing environments and developmental outcomes as moderated by dopamine-related gene polymorphisms. Children with the less efficient dopamine-related genes did worse in negative environments than the comparisons without the "genetic risk," but they also profited most from positive environments. Findings are discussed in light of evolutionary theory, and illustrated with some practical implications of differential susceptibility.