The global distribution of the arbovirus vectors Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus.
The global distribution of the arbovirus vectors Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus.
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作者：
Kraemer MU;Sinka ME;Duda KA;Mylne AQ;Shearer FM;Barker CM;Moore CG;Carvalho RG;Coelho GE;Van Bortel W;Hendrickx G;Schaffner F;Elyazar IR;Teng HJ;Brady OJ;Messina JP;Pigott DM;Scott TW;Smith DL;Wint GR;Golding N;Hay SI
登革热和基孔肯雅热由于其快速的地理传播和不断增加的疾病负担，正在增加全球公共卫生问题。关于它们共有的病媒埃及伊蚊和白纹伊蚊的当代分布情况的知识仍然不完整，而且由于全球贸易和旅行的增加而不断扩大范围，情况更加复杂。绘制这些病媒的全球分布图及其分布范围的地理决定因素对于公共卫生规划至关重要。在这里，我们编译了这两个物种的当代最大的数据库，并将其与预测其全球分布的相关环境变量配对。我们发现伊蚊的分布是有史以来最广泛的;现在广泛分布在所有大陆，包括北美和欧洲。这些地图将有助于确定目前登革热和基孔肯雅病毒本土传播的空间限制。只有有了这种严格的昆虫学基线，我们才有希望预测这些病毒未来对健康的影响。http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.08347.001蚊子在人和其他动物之间传播许多致病病毒和寄生虫，包括登革热和基孔肯雅热等病毒感染。这两种感染都会引起高烧，通常伴有剧烈的关节疼痛或其他类似流感的症状。登革热和基孔肯雅热在过去的50年里已经成为日益严重的公共卫生问题。今天，世界上约有一半的人口面临登革热感染的风险，而以前仅限于非洲和亚洲的基孔肯雅疫情最近在加勒比、南美洲和欧洲也有报告。登革热和基孔肯雅热病毒通过两种名为埃及伊蚊和埃及伊蚊的蚊子在人与人之间传播。白纹伊蚊因此，重要的是要弄清楚这些蚊子物种在地球仪各地的发现，以确定处于危险之中的地区。同样重要的是，要预测这些物种如果被引入，可能在哪里定居，以便确定未来可能面临风险的地区。Kraemer等人现在提供了关于这两种蚊子在地球仪分布的最新预测。这些预测是基于最新的数据，已知的位置的物种结合信息的环境条件在整个地球仪。更新后的地图显示，这些伊蚊现在遍布所有大陆，包括北美和欧洲。特别是白纹伊蚊正在地球仪周围迅速扩大其领土。Kraemer等人使用他们的新地图显示，与美国不同，欧洲和中国的许多可能支持这种蚊子物种的地区似乎尚未被殖民。这些发现提供了目前这两个物种的分布图。现在需要进一步的工作来更好地了解哪些因素导致这些蚊子的范围迅速扩大，以及可以采取哪些措施来控制这种传播。DOI：http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.08347.002
Dengue and chikungunya are increasing global public health concerns due to their rapid geographical spread and increasing disease burden. Knowledge of the contemporary distribution of their shared vectors, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus remains incomplete and is complicated by an ongoing range expansion fuelled by increased global trade and travel. Mapping the global distribution of these vectors and the geographical determinants of their ranges is essential for public health planning. Here we compile the largest contemporary database for both species and pair it with relevant environmental variables predicting their global distribution. We show Aedes distributions to be the widest ever recorded; now extensive in all continents, including North America and Europe. These maps will help define the spatial limits of current autochthonous transmission of dengue and chikungunya viruses. It is only with this kind of rigorous entomological baseline that we can hope to project future health impacts of these viruses. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.08347.001 Mosquitoes spread many disease-causing viruses and parasites between people and other animals, including viral infections such as dengue and chikungunya. Both infections cause high fevers often accompanied with excruciating joint pain or other flu-like symptoms. Dengue and chikungunya have become growing public health problems over the last fifty years. Today about half of the world's population is at risk of dengue infection, while chikungunya outbreaks, which were previously limited to Africa and Asia, have recently been reported in the Caribbean, South America and Europe. The dengue and chikungunya viruses are transmitted between people by two species of mosquitoes called Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus. Therefore it is important to work out where these mosquito species are found around the globe to identify the areas at risk. It is also important to predict where these species could become established if they were introduced, in order to identify areas that could become at risk in the future. Kraemer et al. now provide updated predictions about the distribution of these two mosquito species around the globe. These predictions are based upon the most up-to-date data on the known locations of the species combined with information on environmental conditions across the globe. The updated maps show that these Aedes mosquitoes are now found across all continents, including North America and Europe. Aedes albopictus mosquitoes in particular are rapidly expanding their territory around the globe. Kraemer et al. used their new maps to show that, unlike in the United States, many of the areas in Europe and China that could support this mosquito species do not yet appear to have been colonized. These findings provide a map of the distribution of both species as it stands at the moment. Further work is now needed to better understand which factors are contributing to the rapid expansion of these mosquitoes' range and what might be done to control this spread. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.08347.002