Influence of agricultural activity on soil morphological and physicochemical properties on sandy beach ridges along the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia
Influence of agricultural activity on soil morphological and physicochemical properties on sandy beach ridges along the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia
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DOI：
10.1080/00380768.2016.1255127
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发表时间：
2017-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Khairul Hafiz Mohd Yusoff;A. Abdu;K. Sakurai;Sota Tanaka;Yumei Kang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Khairul Hafiz Mohd Yusoff;A. Abdu;K. Sakurai;Sota Tanaka;Yumei Kang
摘要马来西亚半岛东海岸的沿着分布着许多散布着洼地的海滩脊，在当地被称为散布着洼地的海滩脊（BRIS）。尽管BRIS土壤被认为是有问题的低地土壤，因为它们的非常桑迪质地和伴随的贫瘠，但在这种土壤中的农业活动最近一直在增加。本研究旨在探讨农业活动对土壤肥力的影响。三个1公里的样带从海岸线运行内陆建立;两个样带通过马来西亚农业研究发展研究所的Cherating站的实验农场，而另一个样带通过相邻的残留森林。靠近海岸线和内陆的土壤分别被归类为典型石英砂和典型单倍土。土壤的含砂量非常高，有时超过95%，呈酸性，阳离子交换容量（CEC）值较低。土壤有机质是阳离子交换量的决定因素，但Bhs层土壤阳离子交换量对土壤碳的回归斜率与其他层不同。由于有效CEC值远低于CEC值，因此在酸性条件下，可变电荷表面上负电荷的发展似乎受到很大限制。在A ~ E土层中，酸性草酸铵提取的铝（Al）和铁（Fe）氧化物以及连二亚硫酸盐-柠檬酸盐-碳酸氢钠提取的铝（Al）和铁（Fe）氧化物含量可忽略不计，而在Bhs土层中，铝（Al）和铁（Fe）氧化物含量则呈明显的峰值。农业活动从三个方面影响土壤。首先，农田土壤A层的总碳（C）和总氮（N）含量低于森林，这表明植物凋落物的投入不足，以维持土壤有机质的原始水平。第二，虽然pH值，交换性钙（Ca）和镁（Mg）的水平，在农场土壤高于森林，交换性钾（K）偶尔没有检测到，尽管施肥。这一发现可能是由于二价阳离子在土壤有机质表面的可变负电荷上的优先吸附，以及在桑迪土壤中有限的电荷位点的发展。农业用地条件下的灰壤有效磷含量在上覆A层和E层均较低，但在Bhs层含量最高。虽然磷酸盐是已知的是固定的相对于其他阴离子，我们的研究结果表明，向下易位的矿物P从肥料和它的保留在BHS地平线。由此可见，有机质在BRIS土壤中起着重要作用。土壤有机质含量的增加可以通过提高阳离子交换能力和由此产生的碱性阳离子的增加来提高土壤肥力。
ABSTRACT Along the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia, beach ridges are formed with interspersed swales, which are referred to locally as beach ridges interspersed with swales (BRIS). Although BRIS soils are regarded as problematic lowland soils for agriculture because of their very sandy texture and concomitant infertility, agricultural activities in such soils have been recently increasing. This study was conducted to characterize the BRIS soils and to evaluate the influence of agricultural activities on soil characteristics and fertility. Three 1-km transects from the shoreline running inland were established; two transects passed through the experimental farm of Cherating Station of the Malaysian Agriculture Research Development Institute while the other transect passed through an adjacent remnant forest. The soils located close to the shoreline and that further inland were classified as Typic Quartzipsamments and Typic Haplohumods, respectively. The soils had a very high sand content, occasionally exceeding 95%, were acidic and had low cation exchange capacity (CEC) values. While soil organic matter was the determining factor for cation exchange capacity, the regression slope of CEC against soil carbon in the Bhs horizon of the Spodosols was different from that in the other horizons. Because the effective CEC value was much lower than the CEC value, the development of the negative charges on variable-charge surfaces seemed to be largely restricted under acidic conditions. For the Spodosols, the levels of aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) oxides extracted with acid ammonium oxalate and those oxides with dithionite-citrate-sodium bicarbonate were negligible in the A to E horizons, but they showed sharp peaks in the Bhs horizons. Agricultural activities affected the soil in three ways. First, the A horizon of the farm soil had lower amounts of total carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) compared with the forest, suggesting insufficient input of plant litter to sustain original levels of soil organic matter. Second, although the levels of pH, and exchangeable calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), were higher in the farm soil than the forest, exchangeable potassium (K) was occasionally not detected despite fertilizer application. This finding might be due to the preferential adsorption of divalent cations over monovalent K on the variable negative charges on soil organic matter surfaces as well as limited development of the charge sites in the sandy soil. Finally, the Spodosols under agricultural land use had the highest peak of available phosphorus (P) in the Bhs horizon despite its low level in the overlying A and E horizons. While phosphate is known to be immobile relative to other anions, our finding suggest the downward translocation of mineral P from fertilizer and its retention in the Bhs horizon. Based on the findings, soil organic matter was very important in BRIS soil. Increasing organic matter levels of the soils can improve soil fertility through enhancing cation exchange capacity and the resulting increase in basic cations.