A review of catalysts for the gasification of biomass char, with some reference to coal
A review of catalysts for the gasification of biomass char, with some reference to coal
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DOI：
10.1016/j.energy.2013.05.057
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发表时间：
2013-09
期刊：
影响因子：
9
通讯作者：
A. Nzihou;B. Stanmore;P. Sharrock
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Nzihou;B. Stanmore;P. Sharrock
促进炭气化的最佳催化剂是I族金属，特别是锂和钾，尽管其他金属的活性程度较低。在生物质炭中最常见的天然金属是钾，它不仅具有固有的活性，而且易挥发，在整个炭块中均匀分布。活性炭/钾络合物的形成经常被提出。钙是在生物质中发现的另一种最常见的活性金属，但其效果和挥发性要低得多。在气化系统中，由于二氧化碳的作用，金属仍以碳酸盐的形式存在。碱金属可以与二氧化硅反应生成硅酸盐，从而阻止催化作用。过渡金属也可以参与催化气化；铁加速气化，镍防止碳沉积，这有助于调节生物质衍生的合成气。挥发性五羰基铁已被确定为炭气化步骤的促进剂，其催化活性与生物质热分解过程中产生的精细分散的低价金属原子有关。
The best catalysts for promoting char gasification are Group I metals, particularly lithium and potassium, although other metals are active to a lesser extent. The most prevalent metal naturally in biomass char is potassium, which is not only inherently active, but volatilises to become finely distributed throughout the char mass. The formation of an active carbon/potassium complex is frequently proposed. Calcium is the other most common active metal found in biomass, but is far less effective and less volatile. In a gasification system the metals remain as carbonate due to the action of carbon dioxide. The alkali metals can react with silica to form silicates, which prevents catalytic action. Transition metals can also participate in catalysis of gasification; iron accelerates gasification and nickel prevents carbon deposition, which helps in conditioning biomass-derived syngas. Volatile iron pentacarbonyl has been identified as a promoter of the char gasification step, with catalytic activity related to the finely dispersed low-valency metal atoms generated during the thermo-decomposition of biomass.