The viability of a breeding programme for ash in the British Isles in the face of ash dieback
The viability of a breeding programme for ash in the British Isles in the face of ash dieback
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DOI：
10.1002/ppp3.10060
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
W. Plumb;Timothy L. R. Coker;Jonathan J. Stocks;P. Woodcock;C. Quine;M. Nemesio-Gorriz;G. Douglas;L. J. Kelly;R. Buggs
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文献类型：
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作者：
W. Plumb;Timothy L. R. Coker;Jonathan J. Stocks;P. Woodcock;C. Quine;M. Nemesio-Gorriz;G. Douglas;L. J. Kelly;R. Buggs
社会影响声明目前欧洲由白蜡树孢囊菌引起的白蜡树枯梢病流行病向政策制定者提出了一个关键问题：是否投入时间和资源启动育种计划，以开发更具抗性的白蜡树，作为适应这一流行病的长期政策。在这里，我们审查目前的证据，这种方案的潜在可行性，从生物学的角度来看。我们的结论是，育种计划灰旨在抵抗目前的菌株ofH.fraxineusin the British Isles.SummaryTo评估的可行性和可行性，未来的育种计划，以产生抗新出现的害虫或病原体的树木，这是有帮助的问以下问题：有多大的变化阻力存在于树木种群？这种抵抗力在多大程度上是可遗传的？有多少基因位点参与？在同一属的其他物种中发现了什么程度的抗性？在这里，我们调查了目前对这些问题的了解，这些问题与欧洲白蜡树（Fraxinus excelsior）对引起白蜡树顶枯病（ADB）的真菌H.fraxineus的抗性程度有关。一些研究发现，在F.excelsiorpopulations中，抗性遗传频率很低，这似乎是由许多遗传位点决定的。这表明育种计划是可行的，自然选择也可能随着时间的推移增加种群的平均抵抗力。需要对抗药性的遗传基础进行更多的研究，以了解自然选择在林地中的作用有多快，以及在育种方案中有哪些加速可能，包括通过使用遗传标记。杂交育种计划也可能是一种可能性，因为一些灰物种似乎对ADB比isF更有抵抗力。精益求精，但在这个问题上需要更多的研究。我们还不知道是否有可能繁殖F。对亚行和正在出现的绿白蜡虫的威胁都有抵抗力。我们建议亚行疫情的短期缓解措施和未来的研究方向。
Societal Impact StatementThe current ash dieback epidemic in Europe caused byHymenoscyphus fraxineusposes a key question to policy makers: whether or not to commit time and resources to the initiation of a breeding programme for the development of more resistant ash, as a long‐term policy of adaptation to the epidemic. Here we review current evidence on the potential viability of such a programme, from a biological perspective. We conclude that a breeding programme for ash aimed at resistance to current strains ofH.fraxineusin the British Isles is biologically feasible.SummaryTo evaluate the viability and feasibility of a future breeding programme to produce trees resistant to an emerging pest or pathogen, it is helpful to ask the following questions: How much variation in resistance exists in tree populations? To what extent is this resistance heritable? How many genetic loci are involved? What level of resistance is found in other species of the same genus? Here, we survey current knowledge of these issues in relation to the degree of resistance of European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) toH.fraxineus, the fungus causing ash dieback (ADB). Several studies have found a low frequency of heritable resistance inF. excelsiorpopulations, which seems to be determined by many genetic loci. This suggests that a breeding programme is viable and that natural selection may also increase the mean resistance of populations over time. More research is needed on the genetic basis of resistance to ADB to understand how quickly natural selection can operate in woodlands and what acceleration may be possible in breeding programmes, including via use of genetic markers. Hybrid breeding programmes may also be a possibility, as some ash species appear to be more resistant to ADB than isF. excelsior, but more research is needed on this issue. We do not yet know if it will be possible to breedF. excelsiorto have resistance to both ADB and the emerging threat of emerald ash borer. We recommend short‐term mitigation measures for the ADB epidemic and future research directions.