Cranial Airways and the Integration Between the Inner and Outer Facial Skeleton in Humans
Cranial Airways and the Integration Between the Inner and Outer Facial Skeleton in Humans
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DOI：
10.1002/ajpa.22359
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发表时间：
2013-10-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Rosas, Antonio
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bastir, Markus;Rosas, Antonio
颅内气道位于人脸的中央。因此，这些中央颅面结构的大小和形状的变化可能对发育和进化过程中周围的中面部形态产生重要影响。然而，这种相互作用尚不清楚，因为一种基于实验和发育证据的思想流派表明，这两个面部区室具有相对独立性（模块化），而另一种思想则假设紧密的形态整合。本研究利用现代人类（N=263）的几何形态测量学和40个鼻咽、鼻腔和外中面部骨骼的三维标志，从模块化角度分析这些问题。所有面部区室的大小都具有很强的相关性。颅内气道与面中部外骨骼之间以及后者与前气道开口（靠近并包括梨状孔的骨骼区域）之间的形状整合度较高。然而，在外中面部和后气道开口（鼻咽和后鼻孔）之间没有检测到形状整合。同样，没有检测到后气道开口和前气道开口之间的整合。这可能反映了与呼吸生理学以及与面部的差异发育相互作用相关的鼻腔室的功能模块化。气道大小可能与生物体的能量有关，而气道形状可能更能反映呼吸生理学和气候。尽管这一假设应该在未来的步骤中得到解决，但在这里我们建议对颅内气道形态功能特征的选择可能会对人类面部的变异、发育和进化产生连锁效应。 Am J Phys Anthropol 152:287-293, 2013。(c) 2013 Wiley periodicals, Inc.
The cranial airways are in the center of the human face. Therefore variation in the size and shape of these central craniofacial structures could have important consequences for the surrounding midfacial morphology during development and evolution. Yet such interactions are unclear because one school of thought, based on experimental and developmental evidence, suggests a relative independence (modularity) of these two facial compartments, whereas another one assumes tight morphological integration. This study uses geometric morphometrics of modern humans (N=263) and 40 three-dimensional-landmarks of the skeletal nasopharynx and nasal cavity and outer midfacial skeleton to analyze these questions in terms of modularity. The sizes of all facial compartments were all strongly correlated. Shape integration was high between the cranial airways and the outer midfacial skeleton and between the latter and the anterior airway openings (skeletal regions close to and including piriform aperture). However, no shape integration was detected between outer midface and posterior airway openings (nasopharynx and choanae). Similarly, no integration was detected between posterior and anterior airway openings. This may reflect functional modularization of nasal cavity compartments related to respiratory physiology and differential developmental interactions with the face. Airway size likely relates to the energetics of the organism, whereas airways shape might be more indicative of respiratory physiology and climate. Although this hypothesis should be addressed in future steps, here we suggest that selection on morphofunctional characteristics of the cranial airways could have cascading effects for the variation, development, and evolution of the human face. Am J Phys Anthropol 152:287-293, 2013. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.