Characterizing socially avoidant and affiliative responses to social exclusion.
Characterizing socially avoidant and affiliative responses to social exclusion.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnint.2012.00046
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Heatherton TF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Powers KE;Heatherton TF
人类对社会关系有着基本的需求。从进化的角度来看，形成社会关系的动力可能已经演变为一种促进生存的适应性机制，因为群体成员身份提供了共享资源和安全的好处。因此，来自社会群体的拒绝尤其有害，这使得发现对社会关系的威胁并以适应的方式做出反应的能力至关重要。先前的研究表明，社会排斥会以最初看起来相互矛盾的特定方式改变认知和行为。也就是说，虽然一些研究发现排他性社会威胁会导致从周围的社会世界中退出，但其他研究表明，社会排斥会激发附属社会行为。在这里，我们回顾了现有的支持回避反应和从属反应的证据，并强调了同时使用这两种反应的条件。然后，我们回顾了神经成像研究，这些研究涉及特定的大脑区域，这些区域潜在着检测和适应性地应对社会排斥威胁的能力。总而言之，这些发现表明神经系统与社会环境高度协调，能够激发灵活的行为反应。
Humans have a fundamental need for social relationships. From an evolutionary standpoint, the drive to form social connections may have evolved as an adaptive mechanism to promote survival, as group membership afforded the benefits of shared resources and security. Thus, rejection from social groups is especially detrimental, rendering the ability to detect threats to social relationships and respond in adaptive ways critical. Previous research indicates that social exclusion alters cognition and behavior in specific ways that may initially appear contradictory. That is, although some studies have found that exclusionary social threats lead to withdrawal from the surrounding social world, other studies indicate that social exclusion motivates affiliative social behavior. Here, we review the existing evidence supporting accounts of avoidant and affiliative responses, and highlight the conditions under which both categories of responses may be simultaneously employed. Then, we review the neuroimaging research implicating specific brain regions underlying the ability to detect and adaptively respond to threats of social exclusion. Collectively, these findings are suggestive of neural system highly attuned to social context and capable of motivating flexible behavioral responses.