Capturing the Impact of Speed, Grade, and Traffic on Class 8 Truck Platooning
Capturing the Impact of Speed, Grade, and Traffic on Class 8 Truck Platooning
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捕捉速度、坡度和交通对 8 级卡车队列行驶的影响
DOI：
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
J. Kuszmaul
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Alexander H Taylor;Miles J Droege;G. Shaver;Jairo A. Sandoval;Stephen M. Erlien;J. Kuszmaul
需要新的仿真工具来预测8级卡车的连接性控制系统的燃油节省、安全和性能优势。这里描述的仿真框架结合了高保真车辆和动力系统模型（唯一的，并与制造商提供的控制器）与一个新的生产意图排队控制器。该控制器命令推进发动机扭矩，发动机制动，或摩擦制动的后方车辆在一个两卡车队列，以保持一个理想的以下距离。该框架的其他独特功能包括高保真度的道路坡度和交通速度数据。通过模拟与已发表的实验队列结果进行比较，队列卡车在平坦地面上以恒定的28.6 m/s（64 MPH）行驶，间隔11 m（36 ft）。在稳态运行中，以不同的速度和不同的坡度（平地、上坡和下坡）对相距16.7米（54.8英尺）的排队卡车进行模拟，以演示随着速度和坡度的变化，排队如何影响油耗和扭矩需求（推进和制动）。例如，虽然以28.6 m/s的速度具有相同16.7 m间隙的排队卡车在1%坡度上与在平坦地面上节省相同的绝对量的燃料（每英里1.00），但是随着坡度增加，卡车总体上消耗更多的燃料，使得对于平坦坡度与1%坡度，队列平均的相对节省分别从6.90%降低到4.94%。此外，由于空气动力阻力随速度增加，在编队行驶期间，随着速度增加，绝对和相对燃料节省都得到改善。在下坡操作期间，无论速度如何，都不会节省燃料，因为卡车发动机制动以保持合理的速度，因此不消耗燃料。两辆卡车排的结果也显示为中等等级的I-74在印第安纳州，使用交通速度从INDOT为一个典型的星期五下午5点。一个16.7米（54.8英尺）的间隙两卡车排减少6.18%的燃料消耗比基线没有退化的行程时间（平均速度为28.3米/秒（63.3英里每小时））。在印第安纳州的I-69公路上行驶的同一排卡车在24.5 m/s（54.8 MPH）的较慢平均速度下显示出较低的排平均燃油节省3.71%。速度变化的影响，和等级之间的差异，这些现实的路线（I-74和I-69）上的两辆卡车排队的详细描述。
New simulation tools are necessary to predict the fuel savings, safety, and performance benefits of connectivity-enabled control systems for Class 8 trucks. The simulation framework described here combines high fidelity vehicle and powertrain models (uniquely, and with their controllers provided by the manufacturer) with a novel production-intent platooning controller. This controller commands propulsive engine torque, engine-braking, or friction-braking to a rear vehicle in a two-truck platoon to maintain a desired following distance. Additional unique features of the framework include high fidelity road grade and traffic speed data. A comparison to published experimental platooning results is performed through simulation with the platooning trucks traveling at a constant 28.6 m/s (64 MPH) on flat ground and separated by 11 m (36 ft). Simulations of platooning trucks separated by a 16.7 m (54.8 ft) gap are also performed in steady-state operation, at different speeds and on different grades (flat, uphill, and downhill), to demonstrate how platooning affects fuel consumption and torque demand (propulsive and braking) as speed and grade are varied. For instance, while platooning trucks with the same 16.7 m gap at 28.6 m/s save the same absolute quantity of fuel on a 1% grade as on flat ground (1.00 per-mile), the trucks consume more fuel overall as grade increases, such that relative savings for the platoon average decrease from 6.90% to 4.94% for flat vs. 1% grade, respectively. Furthermore, both absolute and relative fuel savings improve during platooning as speed increases, due to increase in aerodynamic drag force with speed. There are no fuel savings during the downhill operation, regardless of speed, as the trucks are engine braking to maintain reasonable speeds and thus not consuming fuel. Results for a two-truck platoon are also shown for moderately graded I-74 in Indiana, using traffic speed from INDOT for a typical Friday at 5PM. A 16.7 m (54.8 ft) gap two-truck platoon decreases fuel consumption by 6.18% over the baseline without degradation in trip time (average speed of 28.3 m/s (63.3 MPH)). The same platooning trucks operating on aggressively graded I-69 in Indiana shows a lower platoon-average 3.71% fuel savings over baseline at a slower average speed of 24.5 m/s (54.8 MPH). The impact of speed variation over, and grade differences between, these realistic routes (I-74 & I-69) on two-truck platooning is described in detail.