Partitiviruses Infecting Drosophila melanogaster and Aedes aegypti Exhibit Efficient Biparental Vertical Transmission
Partitiviruses Infecting Drosophila melanogaster and Aedes aegypti Exhibit Efficient Biparental Vertical Transmission
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DOI：
10.1128/jvi.01070-20
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发表时间：
2020-10-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Stenglein, Mark D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cross, Shaun T.;Maertens, Bernadette L.;Stenglein, Mark D.
partitivirus是一种分节的多节双链RNA（dsRNA）病毒，直到最近才知道它会感染真菌、植物和原生动物。宏基因组学调查显示，partitivirus样序列也通常与节肢动物有关。一种与节肢动物相关的分离病毒，Galbutvirus，在黑腹果蝇的野生种群中很常见。为了开始了解这种病毒在全球高度流行的过程，我们建立了野生捕获的受感染苍蝇群。感染在3年内保持稳定的高水平，63%至100%的个体苍蝇感染。Galbutvirus感染苍蝇细胞，并在整个感染成虫的组织中复制，包括生殖组织和肠道上皮。我们没有检测到通过摄入水平传播的证据，但是来自感染的雌性或感染的雄性的垂直传播是~ 100%有效的。垂直传播的相关partitivirus，verdadero病毒，我们发现在实验室群体的埃及伊蚊是类似的效率。这表明，有效的双亲垂直传播可能是至少一个子集的昆虫感染partitiviruses的一个功能。为了研究不受其他病毒混杂效应影响的白颊病毒感染的影响，我们用白颊病毒作为唯一可检测的病毒感染产生了一种近交系的苍蝇。我们能够传播感染实验通过显微注射的匀浆从这些galbut只有苍蝇。这为了解partitiviruses感染模式生物和疾病载体的生物学影响和可能的效用的实验奠定了基础。重要信息Galbutvirus是最近发现的一种partitivirus，在模式生物Drosophila melanogaster的野生种群中非常常见。就像通过宏基因组学发现的大多数病毒一样，关于这种病毒的大多数基本生物学问题仍然没有答案。我们发现，galbut病毒，沿着密切相关的partitivirus中发现的埃及伊蚊，是从感染的女性或男性传播到后代与类似的100%的效率，并可以保持在实验室菌落多年。这种有效的传播机制可能是这些病毒通过昆虫种群成功传播的基础。我们创建了含有galbutvirus作为唯一病毒感染的果蝇品系，并表明这些果蝇可用作实验感染的来源。这提供了深入了解节肢动物感染partitiviruses可能会保持在自然界中，并设置了探索其生物学和潜在效用的阶段。
Partitiviruses are segmented, multipartite double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses that until recently were only known to infect fungi, plants, and protozoans. Metagenomic surveys have revealed that partitivirus-like sequences are also commonly associated with arthropods. One arthropod-associated partitivirus, galbut virus, is common in wild populations of Drosophila melanogaster. To begin to understand the processes that underlie this virus's high global prevalence, we established colonies of wild-caught infected flies. Infection remained at stably high levels over 3 years, with between 63 and 100% of individual flies infected. Galbut virus infects fly cells and replicates in tissues throughout infected adults, including reproductive tissues and the gut epithelium. We detected no evidence of horizontal transmission via ingestion, but vertical transmission from either infected females or infected males was -100% efficient. Vertical transmission of a related partitivirus, verdadero virus, that we discovered in a laboratory colony of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes was similarly efficient. This suggests that efficient biparental vertical transmission may be a feature of at least a subset of insect-infecting partitiviruses. To study the impact of galbut virus infection free from the confounding effect of other viruses, we generated an inbred line of flies with galbut virus as the only detectable virus infection. We were able to transmit infection experimentally via microinjection of homogenate from these galbut-only flies. This sets the stage for experiments to understand the biological impact and possible utility of partitiviruses infecting model organisms and disease vectors.IMPORTANCE Galbut virus is a recently discovered partitivirus that is extraordinarily common in wild populations of the model organism Drosophila melanogaster. Like for most viruses discovered through metagenomics, most of the basic biological questions about this virus remain unanswered. We found that galbut virus, along with a closely related partitivirus found in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, is transmitted from infected females or males to offspring with similar to 100% efficiency and can be maintained in laboratory colonies over years. This efficient transmission mechanism likely underlies the successful spread of these viruses through insect populations. We created Drosophila lines that contained galbut virus as the only virus infection and showed that these flies can be used as a source for experimental infections. This provides insight into how arthropod-infecting partitiviruses may be maintained in nature and sets the stage for exploration of their biology and potential utility.