First Principle Simulator of a Stochastically Varying Image Plane for Photon-counting High Contrast Applications
First Principle Simulator of a Stochastically Varying Image Plane for Photon-counting High Contrast Applications
复制标题
用于光子计数高对比度应用的随机变化图像平面的第一原理模拟器
DOI：
10.1088/1538-3873/aba9e4
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Thatte, Niranjan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dodkins, Rupert H.;Davis, Kristina K.;Lewis, Briley;Mahashabde, Sumedh;Mazin, Benjamin A.;Lipartito, Isabel A.;Fruitwala, Neelay;O’Brien, Kieran;Thatte, Niranjan
光学和近红外微波动态电感探测器或MKID是具有固有光谱分辨率的低温探测器，能够立即记录单个光子，可能没有错误计数或读出噪声。这些特性使MKID能够实现基于光子统计的行星识别技术，并在更短的时间尺度上执行传统的噪声减去技术，从而使MKID对系外行星直接成像具有变革性。这些探测器正处于快速发展的过程中，因此，它们提高性能的潜力的充分程度尚未量化。MKID系外行星直接成像模拟器，或MEDIS，是一个通用的端到端数值模拟器，用于使用MKID进行高对比度观测。该模拟器利用现有的光传播库，并使用新的MKIDs模拟模块来扩充它们，以提供在检测过程中存在的许多退化效应的实用模型。我们使用MEDIS来演示当传统的差分成像技术应用于低通量、短持续时间的观测时，各种MKID属性的变化如何影响对比度分离性能。我们的研究表明，当日冕后有较高的残余磁通时，为了提高近间隔的性能，需要增加最大计数率或像素采样。我们预测，从当前仪器实现的80%的值中提取像素产生率并将其提高到100%将导致3λ/D时的∼4和6λ/D时的∼8的对比度改善。要在这种低通量区域中获得更好的对比度性能，则需要利用光子到达时间统计中编码的信息。
Optical and near-infrared Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors, or MKIDs are low-temperature detectors with inherent spectral resolution that are able to instantly register individual photons with potentially no false counts or readout noise. These properties make MKIDs transformative for exoplanet direct imaging by enabling photon-statistics-based planet-discrimination techniques as well as performing conventional noise-subtraction techniques on shorter timescales. These detectors are in the process of rapid development, and as such, the full extent of their performance enhancing potential has not yet be quantified. MKID Exoplanet Direct Imaging Simulator, or MEDIS, is a general-purpose end-to-end numerical simulator for high-contrast observations with MKIDs. The simulator exploits current optical propagation libraries and augments them with a new MKIDs simulation module to provide a pragmatic model of many of the degradation effects present during the detection process. We use MEDIS to demonstrate how changes in various MKID properties affect the contrast-separation performance when conventional differential imaging techniques are applied to low-flux, short duration observations. We show that to improve performance at close separations will require increasing the maximum count rate or pixel sampling when there is high residual flux after the coronagraph. We predict that taking pixel yield from the value achieved by current instruments of 80% and increasing it to 100% would result in an improvement in contrast of a factor of∼ 4 at 3λ/D and∼ 8 at 6λ/D. Achieving better contrast performance in this low flux regime would then require exploiting the information encoded in the photon arrival time statistics.