Inhibition of caspase-1 or gasdermin-D enable caspase-8 activation in the Naip5/NLRC4/ASC inflammasome.

Inhibition of caspase-1 or gasdermin-D enable caspase-8 activation in the Naip5/NLRC4/ASC inflammasome.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1006502
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发表时间:
2017-08
期刊:
影响因子:
6.7
通讯作者:
Zamboni DS
Zamboni DS
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Mascarenhas DPA;Cerqueira DM;Pereira MSF;Castanheira FVS;Fernandes TD;Manin GZ;Cunha LD;Zamboni DS

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嗜肺军团菌是一种革兰氏阴性、有鞭毛的细菌,在吞噬细胞中存活并引起军团病。哺乳动物巨噬细胞感染后,胞质鞭毛蛋白会触发 Naip/NLRC4 炎性小体的激活,最终导致细胞焦亡和细菌复制限制。尽管 NLRC4 和 caspase-1 参与相同的炎性体,但与 Casp1/11-/- 相比,Nlrc4-/- 小鼠及其巨噬细胞更容易允许嗜肺军团菌复制。这一特征支持了 NLRC4 依赖性和 caspase-1/11 独立途径的存在。在这里,我们证明 caspase-8 被招募到 Naip5/NLRC4/ASC 炎性体中,以响应鞭毛蛋白阳性细菌。因此,Caspase-8 在 Casp1/11-/- 巨噬细胞中的激活过程依赖于鞭毛蛋白、Naip5、NLRC4 和 ASC。在 Casp1/11-/- 细胞中沉默 caspase-8 最终导致巨噬细胞与 Nlrc4-/- 一样容易限制嗜肺军团菌复制。因此,对于限制感染而言,缺乏Asc/Casp1/11-/-的巨噬细胞和小鼠比Casp1/11-/-更敏感,并且与Nlrc4-/-一样敏感。从机制上讲,我们发现 caspase-8 激活会触发不依赖于gasdermin-D 的孔形成和细胞死亡。有趣的是,在野生型巨噬细胞中,caspase-8 被招募到 Naip5/NLRC4/ASC 炎症小体中,但只有在 caspase-1 或gasdermin-D 受到抑制时,它才会被激活。我们的数据表明,当 caspase-1 或gasdermin-D 受到抑制时,Naip5/NLRC4/ASC 炎性体中的 caspase-8 激活能够诱导细胞死亡。嗜肺军团菌是军团病的病原体,这是一种影响全世界人民的非典型嗜肺军团菌。除了临床重要性之外,嗜肺军团菌还是一种非常有用的病原菌模型,可用于研究先天免疫细胞与细菌病原体的相互作用。使用嗜肺军团菌的研究表明,Naip5 和 NLRC4 激活 caspase-1,并且该炎症小体由细菌鞭毛蛋白激活。然而,与那些缺乏 caspase-1 的巨噬细胞和小鼠相比,缺乏 NLRC4 的巨噬细胞和小鼠更容易受到嗜肺军团菌复制的影响,这表明鞭毛蛋白/Naip5/NLRC4 炎症小体触发的反应不依赖于 caspase-1。在这里,我们利用嗜肺军团菌研究了这一新途径,发现 caspase-8 与 NLRC4 相互作用的过程依赖于 ASC,不依赖于 caspase-1 和 caspase-11。尽管 caspase-8 被招募到 Naip5/NLRC4/ASC 炎性体中,但只有在 caspase-1 或gasdermin-D 受到抑制时,它才会被激活。我们的数据表明,Naip5/NLRC4/ASC 炎性体中的 caspase-8 激活可能有利于宿主在感染病原体时做出反应,这些病原体抑制了焦亡细胞死亡的成分,包括 caspase-1 和gasdermin-D。
Legionella pneumophila is a Gram-negative, flagellated bacterium that survives in phagocytes and causes Legionnaires’ disease. Upon infection of mammalian macrophages, cytosolic flagellin triggers the activation of Naip/NLRC4 inflammasome, which culminates in pyroptosis and restriction of bacterial replication. Although NLRC4 and caspase-1 participate in the same inflammasome, Nlrc4-/- mice and their macrophages are more permissive to L. pneumophila replication compared with Casp1/11-/-. This feature supports the existence of a pathway that is NLRC4-dependent and caspase-1/11-independent. Here, we demonstrate that caspase-8 is recruited to the Naip5/NLRC4/ASC inflammasome in response to flagellin-positive bacteria. Accordingly, caspase-8 is activated in Casp1/11-/- macrophages in a process dependent on flagellin, Naip5, NLRC4 and ASC. Silencing caspase-8 in Casp1/11-/- cells culminated in macrophages that were as susceptible as Nlrc4-/- for the restriction of L. pneumophila replication. Accordingly, macrophages and mice deficient in Asc/Casp1/11-/- were more susceptible than Casp1/11-/- and as susceptible as Nlrc4-/- for the restriction of infection. Mechanistically, we found that caspase-8 activation triggers gasdermin-D-independent pore formation and cell death. Interestingly, caspase-8 is recruited to the Naip5/NLRC4/ASC inflammasome in wild-type macrophages, but it is only activated when caspase-1 or gasdermin-D is inhibited. Our data suggest that caspase-8 activation in the Naip5/NLRC4/ASC inflammasome enable induction of cell death when caspase-1 or gasdermin-D is suppressed. Legionella pneumophila is the causative agent of Legionnaires’ disease, an atypical pneumophila that affects people worldwide. Besides the clinical importance, L. pneumophila is a very useful model of pathogenic bacteria for investigation of the interactions of innate immune cells with bacterial pathogens. Studies using L. pneumophila demonstrated that Naip5 and NLRC4 activate caspase-1 and this inflammasome is activated by bacterial flagellin. However, macrophages and mice deficient in NLRC4 are more susceptible for L. pneumophila replication than those deficient in caspase-1, indicating that the flagellin/Naip5/NLRC4 inflammasome triggers responses that are independent on caspase-1. Here, we used L. pneumophila to investigate this novel pathway and found that caspase-8 interacts with NLRC4 in a process that is dependent on ASC and independent of caspase-1 and caspase-11. Although caspase-8 is recruited to the Naip5/NLRC4/ASC inflammasome, it is only activated when caspase-1 or gasdermin-D is inhibited. Our data suggest that caspase-8 activation in the Naip5/NLRC4/ASC inflammasome may favor host responses during infections against pathogens that inhibit components of the pyroptotic cell death including caspase-1 and gasdermin-D.
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