Multi-informant International Perspectives on the Facilitators and Barriers to Employment for Autistic Adults
Multi-informant International Perspectives on the Facilitators and Barriers to Employment for Autistic Adults
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DOI：
10.1002/aur.2288
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发表时间：
2020-03-14
期刊：
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Girdler, Sonya
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Black, Melissa H.;Mahdi, Soheil;Girdler, Sonya
自闭症患者的就业率很低，甚至与其他残疾群体相比也是如此。在国际上，对准备就业、获得就业和维持就业三个阶段影响就业的因素的了解仍然有限。这是作为国际自闭症研究协会（INSAR）政策简报的一部分进行的一系列研究中的第三项，旨在改善自闭症患者的就业结果。在澳大利亚、瑞典和美国开展了一项多信息来源的国际调查，调查对象包括自闭症个体、其家庭、雇主、服务提供者和研究人员等五个主要利益相关者群体，以了解自闭症成年人就业的促进因素和障碍。共有687人参与，包括自闭症患者（n = 246）、家庭成员（n = 233）、雇主（n = 35）、临床医生/服务提供者（n = 123）和研究人员（n = 50）。然而，在关键利益相关者群体和国家之间，对就业促进因素和就业障碍的看法存在显著差异，所有群体都认为确保良好的工作匹配和注重优势对成功至关重要。就业的主要障碍包括耻辱、对自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）缺乏了解以及沟通困难。研究结果表明，需要一种针对自闭症个体的整体就业方法，旨在促进关键利益相关者之间的沟通，解决工作场所对自闭症的态度和理解，使用基于优势的方法，并提供早期工作经验。自闭症患者在找工作和保住工作方面有很大的困难。本文介绍了一项调查研究，涉及澳大利亚、瑞典和美国的自闭症患者、他们的家庭、雇主、服务提供者和研究人员，以了解他们对支持或作为就业障碍的因素的看法。虽然关键利益相关者的观点各不相同，但使用整体方法、针对工作场所的态度和理解、关注优势以及提供早期工作经验等策略对成功至关重要。(c) 2020年国际自闭症研究学会，Wiley期刊公司
Employment rates for autistic individuals are poor, even compared to those from other disability groups. Internationally, there remains limited understanding of the factors influencing employment across the stages of preparing for, gaining, and maintaining employment. This is the third in a series of studies conducted as part of an International Society for Autism Research (INSAR) policy brief intended to improve employment outcomes for autistic individuals. A multi-informant international survey with five key stakeholder groups, including autistic individuals, their families, employers, service providers, and researchers, was undertaken in Australia, Sweden, and the United States to understand the facilitators and barriers to employment for autistic adults. A total of 687 individuals participated, including autistic individuals (n = 246), family members (n = 233), employers (n = 35), clinicians/service providers (n = 123), and researchers (n = 50). Perceptions of the facilitators and barriers to employment differed significantly across both key stakeholder groups and countries, however, ensuring a good job match and focusing on strengths were identified by all groups as important for success. Key barriers to employment included stigma, a lack of understanding of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and communication difficulties. Results suggest that a holistic approach to employment for autistic individuals is required, aimed at facilitating communication between key stakeholders, addressing attitudes and understanding of ASD in the workplace, using strength-based approaches and providing early work experience.Lay Summary Autistic individuals experience significant difficulty getting and keeping a job. This article presents a survey study involving autistic individuals, their families, employers, service providers and researchers in Australia, Sweden, and the United States to understand their perspectives on the factors that support or act as barriers to employment. While perspectives varied across key stakeholders, strategies such as using a holistic approach, targeting workplace attitudes and understanding, focusing on strengths, and providing early work experience are important for success. (c) 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.