Forging the anthropogenic iron cycle.
Forging the anthropogenic iron cycle.
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DOI：
10.1021/es062761t
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发表时间：
2007-06
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Tao Wang;D. Müller;T. Graedel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Tao Wang;D. Müller;T. Graedel
冶金铁循环的特点是四个人为生命阶段：生产，制造和制造，使用，废物管理和回收。这一分析是针对2000年在三个空间层面进行的：68个国家和地区、9个世界区域和地球。研究发现：(1)当代铁循环基本上是开放的，并且很大程度上依赖于环境源和汇；(2)亚洲在铁的生产和使用方面处于世界领先地位；大洋洲、拉丁美洲和加勒比、非洲和独立国家联合体呈现高度偏向生产的铁循环；(3)购买的废料占全球钢铁产量的四分之一；（四）铁的出境使用量比入境使用量少三倍的；(5)全球进入使用的铁中，约45%用于建筑，24%用于运输设备，20%用于工业机械；(6)在铁矿石、钢铁产品和废铁的国际贸易方面，68个国家中有54个是铁的净进口国，而只有14个是净出口国；(7)全球以尾矿、矿渣和垃圾填埋方式排放的铁约占开采铁的三分之一。总的来说，这些结果为研究与铁有关的资源政策、工业发展、废物和环境管理提供了基础。
Metallurgical iron cycles are characterized for four anthropogenic life stages: production, fabrication and manufacturing, use, and waste management and recycling. This analysis is conducted for year 2000 and at three spatial levels: 68 countries and territories, nine world regions, and the planet. Findings include the following: (1) contemporary iron cycles are basically open and substantially dependent on environmental sources and sinks; (2) Asia leads the world regions in iron production and use; Oceania, Latin America and the Caribbean, Africa, and the Commonwealth of Independent States present a highly production-biased iron cycle; (3) purchased scrap contributes a quarter of the global iron and steel production; (4) iron exiting use is three times less than that entering use; (5) about 45% of global iron entering use is devoted to construction, 24% is devoted to transport equipment, and 20% goes to industrial machinery; (6) with respect to international trade of iron ore, iron and steel products, and scrap, 54 out of the 68 countries are net iron importers, while only 14 are net exporters; (7) global iron discharges in tailings, slag, and landfill approximate one-third of the iron mined. Overall, these results provide a foundation for studies of iron-related resource policy, industrial development, and waste and environmental management.