Anger fosters action. Fast responses in a motor task involving approach movements toward angry faces and bodies.
Anger fosters action. Fast responses in a motor task involving approach movements toward angry faces and bodies.
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愤怒促进行动 在一项涉及对愤怒的面孔和身体的接近动作的运动任务中反应迅速。
DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01240
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Kret ME
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
de Valk JM;Wijnen JG;Kret ME
有效地回应他人的情绪，特别是愤怒和恐惧等威胁性的表达，可以有很大的生存价值。先前的研究表明，人类对威胁性刺激有偏见。这些研究大多集中在面部表情上，但情绪是由整个身体表达的，而不仅仅是面部。肢体语言包含直接的动作成分，比面部表情更能激活大脑中的动作准备区域。因此，与面部表情相比，对威胁的偏见可能会更大。目前的研究调查了针对情绪身体和面部的动作的反应时间。为此，研究人员设计了一项新的任务，让参与者站在电脑屏幕前，屏幕上呈现出愤怒、恐惧和中性的面孔和身体，他们必须尽快触摸这些面孔和身体。结果表明，参与者对愤怒的反应比中性刺激更快，无论来源（面部或身体）。恐惧和中性刺激之间没有显着差异，表明威胁偏见与刺激的消极性无关，但可能与观察者的直接威胁有关。恐惧的刺激可能是环境威胁的信号，需要在行动前进一步探索，而愤怒的表情则是对观察者的直接威胁，要求立即采取行动。本研究提供了一种新颖的、内隐的方法来直接测试全身对情绪的动作速度。
Efficiently responding to others’ emotions, especially threatening expressions such as anger and fear, can have great survival value. Previous research has shown that humans have a bias toward threatening stimuli. Most of these studies focused on facial expressions, yet emotions are expressed by the whole body, and not just by the face. Body language contains a direct action component, and activates action preparation areas in the brain more than facial expressions. Hence, biases toward threat may be larger following threatening bodily expressions as compared to facial expressions. The current study investigated reaction times of movements directed toward emotional bodies and faces. For this purpose, a new task was developed where participants were standing in front of a computer screen on which angry, fearful, and neutral faces and bodies were presented which they had to touch as quickly as possible. Results show that participants responded faster to angry than to neutral stimuli, regardless of the source (face or body). No significant difference was observed between fearful and neutral stimuli, demonstrating that the threat bias was not related to the negativity of the stimulus, but likely to the directness of the threat in relation to the observer. Whereas fearful stimuli might signal an environmental threat that requires further exploration before action, angry expressions signal a direct threat to the observer, asking for immediate action. This study provides a novel and implicit method to directly test the speed of actions toward emotions from the whole body.