Flow regulates arterial-venous differentiation in the chick embryo yolk sac
Flow regulates arterial-venous differentiation in the chick embryo yolk sac
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DOI：
10.1242/dev.00929
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发表时间：
2004-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Eichmann, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
le Noble, F;Moyon, D;Eichmann, A
卵黄囊血管系统的形成及其与胚胎循环的连接对于哺乳动物和鸟类的胚胎存活至关重要。大多数血管发育基因突变的小鼠都是因为无法建立循环回路而死亡的。令人惊讶的是，卵黄囊动脉和静脉的形成在最近的文献中没有得到很好的描述。利用延时摄影显微镜观察了鸡胚卵黄囊的动静脉分化。灌注开始后，卵黄囊立即出现后动脉极和前静脉极，它们通过顺-顺内皮相互作用相互连接。为了形成成熟卵黄囊血管的成对和交错的动静脉模式特征，动脉域的小口径血管选择性地与生长的动脉树断开连接，随后重新连接到静脉系统，这意味着需要内皮可塑性来形成静脉的正常生长。动脉-静脉分化和模式化由血流动力学力控制，如通过与动脉标志物ephrinB 2和neuropilin 1的流动操作和原位杂交所示，这表明两种mRNA的表达不是遗传决定的，而是塑性的，并且由流动调节。在体内应用ephrinB 2或EphB 4在发展中的卵黄囊未能产生任何形态学的影响。相比之下，ephrinB 2和EphB 4在较老胚胎的尿囊中的应用导致动脉-静脉分流的快速形成。总之，我们表明，流动形状的全球模式的动脉树和调节激活的动脉标记ephrinB 2和neuropilin 1。
Formation of the yolk sac vascular system and its connection to the embryonic circulation is crucial for embryo survival in both mammals and birds. Most mice with mutations in genes involved in vascular development die because of a failure to establish this circulatory loop. Surprisingly, formation of yolk sac arteries and veins has not been well described in the recent literature. Using time-lapse video-microscopy, we have studied arterial-venous differentiation in the yolk sac of chick embryos. Immediately after the onset of perfusion, the yolk sac exhibits a posterior arterial and an anterior venous pole, which are connected to each other by cis-cis endothelial interactions. To form the paired and interlaced arterial-venous pattern characteristic of mature yolk sac vessels, small caliber vessels of the arterial domain are selectively disconnected from the growing arterial tree and subsequently reconnected to the venous system, implying that endothelial plasticity is needed to fashion normal growth of veins. Arterial-venous differentiation and patterning are controlled by hemodynamic forces, as shown by flow manipulation and in situ hybridization with arterial markers ephrinB2 and neuropilin 1, which show that expression of both mRNAs is not genetically determined but plastic and regulated by flow. In vivo application of ephrinB2 or EphB4 in the developing yolk sac failed to produce any morphological effects. By contrast, ephrinB2 and EphB4 application in the allantois of older embryos resulted in the rapid formation of arterial-venous shunts. In conclusion, we show that flow shapes the global patterning of the arterial tree and regulates the activation of the arterial markers ephrinB2 and neuropilin 1.