Mitigation Strategies for Design Exceptions
Mitigation Strategies for Design Exceptions
复制标题
设计异常的缓解策略
DOI：
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发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
T. Neuman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
William J. Stein;T. Neuman
通过多年的实践和研究制定的设计标准，构成了公路设计者努力平衡成本、安全、流动性、社会和环境影响以及各种道路使用者的需求的基础。对于许多情况，设计标准有足够的灵活性来实现平衡设计并仍然满足最小值。有时，设计人员会遇到这样的情况：适当的解决方案可能表明有必要使用正常实践范围之外的设计值或尺寸。在这些情况下，可以考虑设计例外。设计例外是一种记录在案的决定，用于设计公路要素或公路路段，其设计标准不符合为该公路或项目制定的最小值或范围。本出版物提供了有关设计例外情况以及减轻对公路安全和交通运营的潜在不利影响的详细信息。第 1 章提供有关设计例外的基本信息。还讨论了名义和实质安全的概念，它们是设计例外、其缓解和决策主题的基础。第 2 章讨论有效的设计例外过程的步骤。第3章阐明了13项控制标准，包括何时需要设计例外、13项控制标准如何影响安全和运营，以及如果不满足设计标准会产生哪些潜在不利影响。如果有的话，会提供有关实质性安全性的信息。第 4 章介绍并说明了潜在的缓解策略。第 5 章至第 8 章是案例研究，说明了几个国家如何有效处理具有困难场地限制和设计例外的项目，包括实施缓解策略。
Design criteria, established through years of practice and research, form the basis by which highway designers strive to balance cost, safety, mobility, social and environmental impacts, and the needs of a wide variety of roadway users. For many situations, there is sufficient flexibility within the design criteria to achieve a balanced design and still meet minimum values. On occasion, designers encounter situations in which the appropriate solution may suggest that using a design value or dimension outside the normal range of practice is necessary. In these cases, a design exception may be considered. A design exception is a documented decision to design a highway element or a segment of highway to design criteria that do not meet minimum values or ranges established for that highway or project. This publication provides detailed information on design exceptions and mitigating the potential adverse impacts to highway safety and traffic operations. Chapter 1 provides basic information on design exceptions. Also discussed are the concepts of nominal and substantive safety, which are fundamental to the topic of design exceptions, their mitigation, and decision making. Chapter 2 discusses the steps of an effective design exception process. Chapter 3 clarifies the 13 controlling criteria, including when design exceptions are required, how safety and operations are affected by the 13 controlling criteria, and what the potential adverse impacts are if design criteria are not met. Information on substantive safety is provided where available. Chapter 4 presents and illustrates potential mitigation strategies. Chapters 5 through 8 are case studies that illustrate how several States have effectively approached projects with difficult site constraints and design exceptions, including implementation of mitigation strategies.